ῥυπόω

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word rhypóō, represented by G4510, means to soil or, intransitively, to become dirty morally. It appears 2 times across 1 unique verses in the Bible, signifying its specific and potent use. Its core meaning relates to a state of moral filthiness or defilement.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The sole biblical appearance of G4510 is in a climactic declaration in the book of Revelation. The verse states, "he which is filthy, let him be filthy still" Revelation 22:11. In this context, the word is part of a parallel structure that describes the fixed moral states of individuals. It is set in direct opposition to those who are righteous and holy, highlighting a final and unchanging condition of moral impurity.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words from its only context help to clarify its meaning by contrast:

• G91 adikéō (to be unjust, i.e. (actively) do wrong): This is used in parallel with G4510, describing the one who is unjust and is to remain so Revelation 22:11. It points to the active commission of wrong.
• G1342 díkaios (equitable... just, right(-eous)): This word stands as a direct moral opposite to G4510. The passage contrasts the one who is filthy with "he that is righteous" Revelation 22:11.
• G40 hágios (sacred... holy): Also contrasted with G4510, this term refers to one who is morally blameless or consecrated. The verse separates the filthy from the one who is holy Revelation 22:11.
• G2089 éti ("yet," still): This crucial modifier is applied to all conditions in the passage, including being filthy. Its presence indicates a continuation of the state, as in "let him be filthy still" Revelation 22:11.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G4510 is derived entirely from its singular, powerful usage.

• Moral Defilement: The word describes a state of being morally soiled or contaminated, standing in stark opposition to purity and holiness.
• A Final State: Used with the word "still" G2089, the term suggests a point of permanence. The command, "let him be filthy still," implies a final state from which there is no change, set against the equally permanent state of the righteous and holy Revelation 22:11.
• Contrast with Holiness: Its meaning is sharpened by its juxtaposition with both righteousness G1342 and holiness G40. This contrast underscores a fundamental and final division between two opposing spiritual realities.

Summary

In summary, though extremely rare, G4510 conveys a deeply significant theological concept. It encapsulates the idea of a permanent state of moral filthiness. Its sole appearance in Revelation 22:11 places it at a crucial juncture, illustrating a final, fixed condition of character that stands in eternal opposition to the righteousness and holiness that define the people of God.