### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **prosopheílō**, represented by `{{G4359}}`, means **to be indebted additionally**. It is a rare term, appearing only 2 times within a single verse of the Bible. Its definition, derived from its component parts, points to a debt that is owed "over besides" an existing one, indicating an additional or deeper level of obligation.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole use of `{{G4359}}` is found in [[Philemon 1:19]]. In this personal letter, the apostle Paul is writing to Philemon and takes personal responsibility for a debt. However, he immediately pivots by using `{{G4359}}` to reframe their relationship, stating, "I do not say to thee how thou **owest** unto me even thine own self **besides**." This usage highlights a debt that is not financial but deeply personal and relational, an obligation Philemon has to Paul that exists on top of any other matter.
### Related Words & Concepts
Two other words in the same verse help to clarify the meaning of `{{G4359}}`:
* `{{G661}}` **apotínō** (to pay in full): Paul uses this term when he promises to **repay** any debt, setting up a direct contrast. While a financial debt can be paid in full, the additional debt `{{G4359}}` that Philemon owes is of a different nature [[Philemon 1:19]].
* `{{G3004}}` **légō** (to say): This word is used to introduce the concept of the additional debt. When Paul states, "I do not **say** to thee..." he is using a rhetorical device to gently remind Philemon of this deeper obligation without making a harsh demand [[Philemon 1:19]].
### Theological Significance
The conceptual weight of `{{G4359}}` is focused on the nature of obligation and relationship.
* **Contrasting Debts:** The word's usage in scripture serves to draw a sharp line between a transactional, repayable debt and a profound, relational one. Paul implies that what Philemon owes him—his very self—is a debt of a higher order.
* **Relational Obligation:** `{{G4359}}` signifies a debt incurred not through a material exchange but through a life-changing relationship. Philemon is "indebted additionally" to Paul for something invaluable, likely his spiritual life or faith.
* **Rhetorical Significance:** The term is used as a powerful tool of persuasion. By mentioning this additional debt, Paul frames his appeal for Onesimus within the context of the immense gratitude and obligation that Philemon already owes.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4359}}` is a specific and impactful word that, despite its limited use, carries significant meaning. It illustrates the idea of an additional debt that transcends the material, pointing instead to the profound and unpayable obligations that arise from life-altering relationships. Its appearance in [[Philemon 1:19]] is a masterclass in contrasting a simple promise to repay with the reminder of a much deeper, personal debt.
TRV