from οἶκος and δεσπότης; the head of a family:--goodman (of the house), householder, master of the house.
Transliteration:oikodespótēs
Pronunciation:oy-kod-es-pot'-ace
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek term οἰκοδεσπότης (oikodespótēs), Strong's number `{{G3617}}`, is a compound word formed from οἶκος (oikos), meaning "house" or "household," and δεσπότης (despotēs), meaning "master," "lord," or "owner." Etymologically, it signifies the "master of the house" or "lord of the household." Its semantic range encompasses the individual who holds primary authority and responsibility over a domestic establishment, including its physical structure, its inhabitants (family members, servants), and its resources. This role implies not only ownership but also management, provision, protection, and the ultimate decision-making power within that sphere. The term conveys a sense of absolute control and stewardship over one's domain, whether literal or figurative.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term οἰκοδεσπότης appears frequently in the Synoptic Gospels, often in the parables of Jesus, where it carries significant metaphorical weight.
In [[Matthew 13:27]], the servants ask the οἰκοδεσπότης about the weeds sown in his field, representing God's ownership and patience concerning the Kingdom. Similarly, in [[Matthew 13:52]], Jesus likens a scribe trained for the Kingdom of Heaven to an οἰκοδεσπότης who brings out treasures, new and old, from his storeroom, emphasizing the wise and resourceful stewardship of spiritual truth.
The parable of the laborers in the vineyard in [[Matthew 20:1]] depicts the οἰκοδεσπότης as the one who hires workers and dispenses wages, illustrating God's sovereign right to dispense grace and reward as He sees fit, transcending human notions of fairness.
In the parable of the wicked tenants ([[Matthew 21:33]]), the οἰκοδεσπότης plants a vineyard and leases it, symbolizing God's ownership of Israel and His expectation of fruit.
The warning against an unexpected thief in [[Matthew 24:43]] and [[Luke 12:39]] highlights the need for vigilance: if the οἰκοδεσπότης had known, he would have been prepared. This serves as an exhortation for believers to be ready for the unexpected return of the Lord.
In [[Mark 14:14]] and [[Luke 22:11]], Jesus instructs His disciples to find the οἰκοδεσπότης of the house where they are to prepare the Passover, a literal use of the term referring to the owner of a dwelling.
The οἰκοδεσπότης also appears in parables concerning the narrow door ([[Luke 13:25]]), where the master of the house shuts the door, signifying a point of no return for those who fail to enter, and the great banquet ([[Luke 14:21]]), where the οἰκοδεσπότης sends his servant to invite the poor and marginalized, illustrating the expansive grace of God's invitation. Across these contexts, the οἰκοδεσπότης consistently represents a figure of authority, ownership, and ultimate decision-making, often serving as an analogy for God or Christ in His relationship with His people and His Kingdom.
### Related Words & Concepts
The study of οἰκοδεσπότης is enriched by examining its constituent parts and related terms. The component οἶκος (house/household) connects it to concepts of family, dwelling, and the broader community of faith. Related words like οἰκία (house, dwelling, `{{G3613}}`) and οἰκονόμος (steward, manager, `{{G3623}}`) highlight the aspects of physical structure and the administration of resources, respectively. While the οἰκοδεσπότης is the ultimate authority, the οἰκονόμος is the delegated manager.
The second component, δεσπότης (master, lord, `{{G1203}}`), emphasizes absolute authority and ownership, distinct from κύριος (lord, master, `{{G2962}}`), which can denote a broader range of authority, including respectful address. δεσπότης often carries a stronger connotation of absolute power over slaves or subjects.
The concept of the "household of God" (e.g., [[Ephesians 2:19]], [[1 Timothy 3:15]]) is directly related, portraying the church as God's spiritual family under His divine headship. The οἰκοδεσπότης thus embodies the divine sovereignty and meticulous care over this spiritual household.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of οἰκοδεσπότης is profound, primarily due to its parabolic application to God and Christ. It underscores God's absolute sovereignty and ownership over all creation, particularly His "household" – the Kingdom of God and His people. As the οἰκοδεσπότης, God is the ultimate provider, the one who sets the terms, dispenses justice, and determines the timing of events (e.g., the harvest, the master's return).
This term also highlights the concept of divine stewardship. God, as the οἰκοδεσπότης, entrusts resources, responsibilities, and His truth to humanity, expecting faithfulness and fruitfulness. For believers, understanding God as the οἰκοδεσπότης cultivates a sense of accountability and dependence. It calls for vigilance, readiness, and faithful service, knowing that the Master will return to settle accounts. The image of the οἰκοδεσπότης shutting the door in [[Luke 13:25]] serves as a sobering reminder of divine judgment and the urgency of responding to God's invitation while there is still time.
### Summary
οἰκοδεσπότης (oikodespótēs, `{{G3617}}`) literally means "master of the house" or "lord of the household," a compound term reflecting authority and ownership over a domestic sphere. In the New Testament, particularly in Jesus' parables, it frequently serves as a powerful metaphor for God or Christ, emphasizing divine sovereignty, ownership, and ultimate authority over His Kingdom and people. The term highlights themes of divine provision, human stewardship, vigilance, and accountability, urging believers to live faithfully in anticipation of the Master's return and final judgment. Its usage consistently underscores the absolute prerogative and wise administration of the divine οἰκοδεσπότης.
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