The Greek word mýron, represented by G3464, refers to ointment or perfumed oil. It appears 14 times across 13 unique verses. The term is defined as perfumed oil, often used to describe valuable aromatic substances for anointing.
In the biblical narrative, G3464 is primarily associated with acts of devotion and preparation for burial. It is most famously used in the accounts of women anointing Jesus. For example, a woman pours a "very precious ointment" from an alabaster box onto Jesus' head (Matthew 26:7, Mark 14:3). In another account, a woman described as a sinner anoints Jesus' feet with ointment Luke 7:38, and Mary of Bethany also anoints his feet with costly ointment of spikenard John 12:3. Beyond these personal acts, ointments are listed among the valuable merchandise of Babylon Revelation 18:13 and were prepared by women for Jesus' body after his crucifixion Luke 23:56.
Several related words clarify the context and nature of ointment:
- G218 aleíphō (to oil (with perfume)): This verb describes the action of applying the ointment, as when Mary anointed the Lord John 11:2 or when Jesus' followers prepared spices to anoint him after his death Mark 16:1.
- G211 alábastron (an "alabaster" box): This is the vessel often used to hold the precious ointment. A woman brings an alabaster box of ointment to anoint Jesus in multiple accounts (Matthew 26:7, Mark 14:3, Luke 7:37).
- G1637 élaion (olive oil): A different substance, often used for more common anointings. Jesus notes the contrast, saying to his host, "My head with oil thou didst not anoint: but this woman hath anointed my feet with ointment" Luke 7:46.
- G3487 nárdos (nard): This specifies a type of very costly ointment. Mary uses "ointment of spikenard" to anoint Jesus' feet, which filled the house with its odor John 12:3.
The use of G3464 carries significant weight, illustrating key themes of worship and sacrifice.
- Costly Devotion: The ointment is repeatedly described as "very costly" or "very precious" (John 12:3, Mark 14:3). Its use in anointing Jesus represents an act of extravagant worship. This value is questioned by onlookers who see it as a "waste" Mark 14:4 or suggest it be sold for the poor John 12:5.
- Anointing for Burial: Jesus directly interprets the act of anointing with ointment as preparation for his death. He states, "she did it for my burial" Matthew 26:12, giving the act a specific prophetic significance.
- A Pervasive Fragrance: The effect of the ointment was powerful, as noted when the "house was filled with the odour of the ointment" John 12:3. This highlights the pervasive and noticeable nature of the devotional act.
In summary, G3464 mýron is a term for a valuable, perfumed ointment. While it appears as a luxury trade good, its primary biblical significance comes from its use in the anointing of Jesus by devoted women. These acts are portrayed as profound expressions of worship and sacrifice, made more significant by Jesus' interpretation of them as a preparation for his burial. The use of this costly substance demonstrates a tangible, sacrificial love that transcends monetary value.
TRV