μονόω

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word monóō, represented by G3443, means to isolate, i.e. bereave. It appears only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the Bible. The core meaning is to be desolate.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

The single use of G3443 is found in the description of a widow G5503 in 1 Timothy 5:5. The verse specifies that a widow who is truly a widow and desolate places her trust in God. This state of being bereft is contrasted with her continuous devotion, as she "continueth in supplications and prayers night and day" 1 Timothy 5:5.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words clarify the context of being desolate:

• G5503 chḗra (widow): This word identifies the person described as desolate, meaning "a widow (as lacking a husband), literally or figuratively". The instructions are to "Honour widows that are widows indeed" 1 Timothy 5:3.
• G1679 elpízō (to expect or confide): This is the action of the desolate widow, who "trusteth in God" 1 Timothy 5:5. The word also appears in the definition of faith as the "substance of things hoped for" Hebrews 11:1.
• G4357 prosménō (to adhere to, persevere in): This describes the widow's steadfastness. The verse states she "continueth in supplications and prayers" 1 Timothy 5:5. It is also used to encourage believers to "cleave unto the Lord" Acts 11:23.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G3443 is demonstrated in its singular context.

• Reliance in Bereavement: Being desolate is presented as a condition that leads directly to trust in God G2316. The verse pairs the state of being isolated with the act of placing hope and confidence in God 1 Timothy 5:5.
• Mark of a "Widow Indeed": The term is used in conjunction with óntōs G3689, meaning indeed or really. This implies that being desolate is a key characteristic that distinguishes a widow who is truly reliant on God.
• Action from Isolation: The state of being desolate is not passive. It prompts the widow to "continue in supplications and prayers" 1 Timothy 5:5, turning her isolation into an occasion for steadfast devotion.

Summary

In summary, G3443 monóō provides a specific portrait of desolation. Although used only once, it defines a state of being utterly bereft and isolated. In its sole biblical appearance, this condition is not presented as a hopeless end, but as the very circumstance that characterizes a widow who places her complete trust in God and remains steadfast in prayer. The word illustrates how a state of earthly lack can become the foundation for profound spiritual reliance.