### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek term *mathḗtria* (G3102) is the feminine derivative of *mathētēs* (`{{G3101}}`), meaning "disciple" or "learner." Its root traces back to the verb *manthanō* (`{{G3129}}`), which signifies "to learn," "to be taught," or "to understand." Consequently, *mathḗtria* specifically denotes a *female* learner, pupil, or follower. The semantic range of the term emphasizes an active engagement in the process of learning and adhering to a teacher's instruction or doctrine. It implies not merely intellectual comprehension but also a practical commitment to, and imitation of, the teacher's way of life and teachings.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term *mathḗtria* (G3102) appears only once in the New Testament, found in the book of Acts:
* [[Acts 9:36]]: "Now there was in Joppa a disciple named Tabitha, which, translated, means Dorcas. She was full of good works and acts of charity."
This singular occurrence is highly significant. The context describes Tabitha (Dorcas), a woman in Joppa, who is explicitly identified as a "disciple." This designation unequivocally affirms that women were recognized and named as "disciples" within the early Christian community, challenging any notion that discipleship was exclusively a male domain. Tabitha's description as "full of good works and acts of charity" further illuminates the nature of her discipleship: it was not merely a title but was demonstrated through active service and practical love, consistent with the call to follow Christ. The deliberate use of the feminine form *mathḗtria* by Luke underscores the specific identity and valued role of women within the discipleship movement initiated by Jesus, indicating a precise and intentional descriptor rather than a generic application.
### Related Words & Concepts
* **`{{G3101}}` *mathētēs* (disciple):** This is the masculine form from which *mathḗtria* is derived. It is the more prevalent term in the Gospels and Acts, referring to the followers of Jesus in general, including the Twelve, and later the broader community of believers. The existence of *mathḗtria* confirms that the concept of discipleship applied equally to women, even when the masculine form was often used generically for groups.
* **`{{G3129}}` *manthanō* (to learn):** As the root verb, it highlights the fundamental activity of a disciple: continuous learning and being taught. Discipleship is inherently a process of ongoing instruction and spiritual formation.
* **`{{G1320}}` *didaskalos* (teacher):** This term refers to the one from whom the disciple learns. Jesus is presented as the ultimate *didaskalos* for His followers, and the apostles carried on His teaching ministry.
* **`{{G1321}}` *didachē* (teaching, doctrine):** This denotes the content of what is learned. Discipleship involves adherence to the *didachē* (teaching) of Christ and the apostles, shaping one's beliefs and practices.
* **Follower:** While not a direct lexical equivalent, the concept of a "follower" is central to the understanding of a disciple. A *mathḗtria* is one who follows the teachings, example, and way of life of her master, Jesus Christ.
### Theological Significance
The explicit use of *mathḗtria* for Tabitha in [[Acts 9:36]] offers profound theological insight into the early Christian understanding of women's roles and spiritual identity. It serves as irrefutable evidence that women were considered full and active participants in the discipleship of Christ. They were not merely passive recipients of ministry or observers, but were recognized as active learners and practitioners of the faith. This challenges any anachronistic or restrictive interpretations that might seek to limit women's spiritual identity, agency, or contribution in the early church. Tabitha's example vividly illustrates that discipleship transcends mere intellectual assent; it is a life transformed by the teachings of Christ, expressed through tangible acts of love and service. Her "good works and acts of charity" are presented as hallmarks of her discipleship, embodying the practical outworking of her faith. The term *mathḗtria* thus affirms the inclusive nature of Christ's call to discipleship, which extends to all, regardless of gender, social status, or background. In Christ, the spiritual standing and access to God's grace and calling transcend human distinctions, as articulated in [[Galatians 3:28]]. The singular occurrence, far from diminishing its importance, underscores its specificity and deliberate inclusion by Luke, indicating that such women were a recognized and valued part of the believing community.
### Summary
The Greek word *mathḗtria* (G3102) is the feminine form of "disciple," signifying a female learner or follower. Its unique appearance in the New Testament, specifically in [[Acts 9:36]] to describe Tabitha, is of immense theological importance. This usage definitively establishes that women were recognized as full and active disciples within the early Christian community, engaging in both the learning and the practical embodiment of Christ's teachings through their lives and good works. *mathḗtria* powerfully underscores the inclusive nature of Christian discipleship, affirming that women were integral and vital participants in the early church's mission and life, not merely passive recipients. The term highlights the active, transformative, and practical dimensions of following Christ for women, just as it did for men.
TRV