The Greek word leukós, represented by G3022, means white. Derived from a word for "light," it appears 25 times in 23 verses throughout the scriptures. It is a significant term used to describe divine glory, purity, and the righteousness associated with heavenly beings and redeemed saints.
In the biblical narrative, G3022 is frequently used to describe the brilliant appearance of heavenly figures and their attire. At the transfiguration, Christ's raiment was "white as the light" Matthew 17:2, and in John's vision, his head and hairs were "white like wool" Revelation 1:14. Similarly, angels are seen in "white apparel" Acts 1:10. The word also describes the "white robes" worn by the redeemed elders and the great multitude before God's throne (Revelation 4:4, Revelation 7:9). Beyond clothing, it describes objects of divine authority, such as the "great white throne" of judgment Revelation 20:11 and the "white horse" ridden by the one called Faithful and True Revelation 19:11. Metaphorically, it is used to describe fields ready for harvest John 4:35.
Several related words enhance the meaning of G3022:
- G3021 leukaínō (to whiten): The verb form of leukós. In describing Christ's transfigured raiment, it is said that no fuller on earth could whiten them to such a degree Mark 9:3.
- G5510 chiṓn (snow): This word is often used as a benchmark for the intense whiteness of leukós. An angel's raiment at the tomb was described as "white as snow" Matthew 28:3.
- G2513 katharós (clean, clear, pure): This term is paired with leukós to emphasize a state of spiritual purity. The armies of heaven are clothed in fine linen that is both "white and clean" Revelation 19:14.
- G4749 stolḗ (long clothing (garment), (long) robe): This word often specifies the type of garment described as leukós, such as the "white robes" given to the souls of the martyrs Revelation 6:11.
The theological weight of G3022 is primarily seen in its symbolism of purity, righteousness, and authority.
- Divine Glory and Purity: The word is consistently associated with the appearance of divine beings, signifying their perfect holiness. Christ's raiment at the transfiguration becomes "white and glistering" Luke 9:29, and his glorified form includes hair "as white as snow" Revelation 1:14, linking whiteness with heavenly radiance.
- Imputed Righteousness: White garments are promised to those who overcome and remain undefiled Revelation 3:4-5. This clothing is offered to cover the "shame of thy nakedness" Revelation 3:18 and is worn by the saints in heaven, signifying their cleansed and righteous state before God Revelation 7:9.
- Victory and Judgment: The image of a "white horse" is used to represent conquest and righteous authority. One rider is given a crown and goes forth conquering Revelation 6:2, while another, called Faithful and True, rides a white horse to judge and make war in righteousness Revelation 19:11. The final judgment proceeds from a "great white throne" Revelation 20:11.
In summary, G3022 transcends its simple definition of white to become a powerful symbol in scripture. It is used to convey the purity of the divine, the righteousness of the saints, and the ultimate authority of God's judgment. From the shining garments of Christ and his angels to the white throne of the final day, leukós consistently illustrates a state of spiritual perfection and heavenly glory.
TRV