The Greek word kratéō, represented by G2902, is defined as using strength to seize or retain something, literally or figuratively. It appears 50 times across 46 unique verses in the Bible. Its usage covers a range of actions such as to hold fast, keep, lay hands on, obtain, retain, or take something by force.
The underlying semantic force of G2902 is derived from its root G2904 krátos, which signifies power, might, or dominion. This etymological connection underscores that kratéō is not merely a passive act of possession, but an active exertion of power to secure or maintain control. Whether applied to a physical grip, the retention of a belief, or the exercise of authority, the term consistently implies an engagement of strength to overcome potential resistance or ensure continued possession. It captures the decisive moment of taking hold as well as the sustained effort of keeping a firm grip.
In the biblical narrative, G2902 is used in several key contexts, both literal and figurative. It frequently describes the physical act of seizing a person, such as when Herod laid hold on John Matthew 14:3 or when the chief priests and scribes sought how they might take Jesus by craft Mark 14:1. It is also used more tenderly, as when Jesus took a damsel by the hand to raise her Mark 5:41. Figuratively, it conveys the idea of firmly adhering to a principle or belief, like the command to hold fast our profession Hebrews 4:14 or to hold the traditions taught by the apostles 2 Thessalonians 2:15.
Beyond acts of seizing and adhering, G2902 also highlights the power to restrain or prevent. For instance, in the resurrection narrative, it is declared that "it was not possible that he should be holden of it" (death) Acts 2:24, illustrating Christ's triumph over its dominion. Similarly, the disciples' eyes were "holden" so they did not recognize Jesus on the road to Emmaus Luke 24:16, indicating a divine or supernatural restraint on their perception. In a different vein, the word can denote the successful achievement of a goal, as when sailors "obtained their purpose" by catching a favorable wind Acts 27:13, signifying a successful grasp of opportunity. Conversely, it also describes the active command to "hold fast" what has been received to prevent loss or forfeiture, as seen in the exhortations in Revelation 2:25 and Revelation 3:11.
Several related words expand upon the concept of holding and releasing:
- G1210 déō (to bind): This term signifies a more complete form of restraint. Often, the act of kratéō (seizing) is followed by déō (binding), as when Herod laid hold on John and then bound him in prison Matthew 14:3.
- G3089 lýō (to loosen): As a direct opposite, this word is used for releasing or destroying. It is stated that it was not possible for death to hold Jesus, because God raised him, having loosed the pains of death Acts 2:24.
- G863 aphíēmi (to forgive, leave, let go): This word contrasts with the concept of retaining. It is used in the context of sins that are remitted, while G2902 is used for those that are retained John 20:23.
- G2904 krátos (power, might): This noun is the direct root from which G2902 derives, emphasizing the inherent strength, dominion, and decisive authority implied in the act of seizing, holding, or retaining.
The theological weight of G2902 is significant, highlighting themes of spiritual authority, perseverance, and proper adherence to truth.
- Perseverance in Faith: Believers are repeatedly exhorted to hold fast what they have, whether it is their profession Hebrews 4:14, the name of Christ Revelation 2:13, or the hope set before them Hebrews 6:18. This emphasizes the active, strengthening effort required in the Christian walk.
- Divine and Spiritual Authority: The word illustrates power dynamics. Christ is the one who holdeth the seven stars in his right hand Revelation 2:1. An angel can lay hold on the dragon, Satan, and bind him Revelation 20:2. Conversely, death could not keep Jesus holden Acts 2:24, demonstrating Christ's ultimate authority over it.
- Holding Human vs. Divine Precepts: A crucial distinction is made between holding true and false teachings. Believers are to hold the traditions taught by the apostles 2 Thessalonians 2:15, but are warned against holding the tradition of men over the commandment of God Mark 7:8 or the false doctrine of Balaam Revelation 2:14.
- The Power of Spiritual Restraint and Dominion: G2902 powerfully illustrates both divine and demonic attempts at control and restraint in the spiritual realm. While an angel can "lay hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years" Revelation 20:2, demonstrating ultimate divine power, there are also warnings against "not holding the Head" Colossians 2:19, which implies a dangerous spiritual disconnection. Moreover, angels are depicted "holding the four winds of the earth" Revelation 7:1, showcasing cosmic control and the ability to restrain destructive forces.
The Greek word G2902 kratéō is a dynamic term denoting the exertion of strength to seize, retain, or control, encompassing both literal and figurative applications. Its usage ranges from the physical act of taking someone by the hand or laying hold on them, as when Jesus "took her by the hand" to raise a damsel Mark 5:41, to the forceful apprehension of individuals, such as Herod "laid hold on John" Matthew 14:3. At its core, deriving from G2904 krátos (power, might), kratéō always implies an active engagement of force, whether to overcome resistance or to ensure sustained possession.
The theological landscape painted by kratéō is rich with themes of perseverance, authority, and discernment. Believers are called to "hold fast" their profession Hebrews 4:14, the name of Christ Revelation 2:13, and the traditions taught by the apostles 2 Thessalonians 2:15, underscoring the active effort required to maintain spiritual integrity. Conversely, the word also highlights critical distinctions, warning against "holding the tradition of men" over divine commandments Mark 7:8 or adhering to false doctrines like that of Balaam Revelation 2:14.
Kratéō illuminates power dynamics in the spiritual realm. It signifies Christ's ultimate authority, as death could not keep Him "holden" Acts 2:24, and He is depicted as the one who "holdeth the seven stars" Revelation 2:1. This same power is demonstrated in divine restraint, with angels "holding the four winds of the earth" Revelation 7:1 and an angel "laid hold on the dragon" Revelation 20:2. The ability to "obtain purpose" Acts 27:13 or to be "holden" by a lack of recognition Luke 24:16 further expands its semantic reach, illustrating both human and divine influence.
In essence, G2902 kratéō is far more than a simple verb of grasping. It is a powerful descriptor of control and dominion, used to articulate the active strength involved in securing truth, resisting error, exercising spiritual authority, and enduring faithfully in the Christian walk.
TRV