feminine of a presumed derivative of the base of κέρας; something horn-like, i.e. (specially) the apex of a Hebrew letter (figuratively, the least particle):--tittle.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word κεραία (keraía) is a feminine noun derived from the base of κέρας (keras), `{{G2768}}`, meaning "horn." Its primary semantic range encompasses anything that is "horn-like," a small projection, or an apex. In the specialized context of writing, κεραία refers to the smallest stroke, a "tittle" or "serif," which distinguishes one letter from another, particularly in Hebrew script. Figuratively, it denotes the least particle, the minutest detail, or an infinitesimal distinction.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term κεραία appears only once in the New Testament, in a pivotal statement by Jesus concerning the Law:
* [[Matthew 5:18]]: "For truly, I say to you, until heaven and earth pass away, not an iota, not a dot, will pass from the Law until all is accomplished."
In this verse, κεραία is translated as "dot" or "tittle" (KJV). It is paired with ἰῶτα (iōta), `{{G2483}}`, which refers to the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet (iota, resembling the Hebrew yodh, י). Together, "not an iota, not a κεραία" forms a merism, a figure of speech where two contrasting parts represent the whole. This idiom emphasizes the absolute integrity and permanence of the Mosaic Law down to its most minute details.
The κεραία specifically refers to the small distinguishing marks or serifs on Hebrew letters that differentiate one character from another (e.g., the slight projection that distinguishes a ד (daleth) from a ר (resh), or a ב (beth) from a כ (kaph) in certain scripts). Jesus' declaration underscores that not even these seemingly insignificant strokes, which are crucial for the precise meaning of the text, will be removed or altered until the Law's full purpose is achieved. This highlights the divine precision and enduring authority of God's revealed word.
### Related Words & Concepts
* κέρας (keras): `{{G2768}}` - The root word from which κεραία is derived, meaning "horn." This etymological connection reinforces the idea of a small, pointed projection.
* ἰῶτα (iōta): `{{G2483}}` - The smallest letter of the Greek alphabet, often associated with the Hebrew letter yodh (י). Its pairing with κεραία in [[Matthew 5:18]] forms a comprehensive expression for the smallest elements of written text.
* Νόμος (Nomos): `{{G3551}}` - The "Law," which is the subject of Jesus' statement in [[Matthew 5:18]]. The use of κεραία underscores the inviolability and meticulous fulfillment of this divine Law.
* Hebrew Script: An understanding of the nuances of Hebrew calligraphy, where small strokes and distinct "tittles" are essential for accurate reading and interpretation, is crucial for appreciating the full force of Jesus' emphasis on the κεραία.
### Theological Significance
The single occurrence of κεραία in [[Matthew 5:18]] carries profound theological weight:
* **Divine Precision and Inerrancy:** Jesus' statement affirms the meticulous precision of God's Word. Not even the smallest stroke or distinguishing mark of the Law will pass away. This undergirds the doctrine of biblical inerrancy and infallibility, asserting that Scripture is without error in all that it affirms, down to its most minute details.
* **Fulfillment of the Law:** The phrase "until all is accomplished" (ἕως ἂν πάντα γένηται) indicates that the Law's validity is not annulled but brought to its intended culmination and perfect fulfillment, primarily in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The κεραία signifies that every prophetic, ethical, and ceremonial detail of the Law will be perfectly realized.
* **Authority of Scripture:** The passage underscores the supreme and enduring authority of the Old Testament Scriptures as the very Word of God. Jesus, as the ultimate interpreter and fulfiller of the Law, upholds its divine origin and integrity to the smallest κεραία, thereby setting an example for all believers to revere and obey.
* **Attention to Detail:** For the believer, this word study encourages a reverent and meticulous approach to the study of Scripture, recognizing that God's truth is conveyed even in the seemingly smallest elements, and that every detail contributes to the divine revelation.
### Summary
The Greek word κεραία (keraía), meaning a "horn-like projection" or specifically a "tittle" in writing, is a term of profound significance despite its singular appearance in the New Testament. In [[Matthew 5:18]], Jesus declares that "not an iota, not a κεραία" will pass from the Law until all is accomplished. This powerful idiom emphasizes the absolute and undiminished integrity of God's Word, down to its most minute distinguishing strokes. Theologically, κεραία underscores the divine precision, enduring authority, and ultimate fulfillment of the Law, affirming the inerrancy of Scripture and calling believers to a meticulous reverence for every detail of God's revealed truth.
TRV