### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek lemma Ἰώβ (Iṓb), Strong's `{{G2492}}`, is a direct transliteration of the Hebrew name אִיּוֹב (Iyyov), Strong's `{{H347}}`. The precise etymology of the Hebrew name is debated, with common proposals linking it to the verb אָיַב ('ayav), meaning "to be hostile," suggesting meanings such as "persecuted," "hated," or "one who turns back (to God)." In the Septuagint (LXX), the name is consistently rendered Ἰώβ. The semantic range of Ἰώβ is singular and exclusive, referring solely to the specific individual, Job, the central figure of the Old Testament Book of Job. It does not carry broader conceptual meanings beyond this proper noun.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The Greek lemma Ἰώβ (Iṓb), Strong's `{{G2492}}`, appears only once in the New Testament:
* [[James 5:11]]: "Behold, we consider those blessed who remained steadfast. You have heard of the steadfastness of Job, and you have seen the outcome of the Lord's dealings, that the Lord is full of compassion and is merciful."
In this sole New Testament occurrence, Job serves as a paramount example of endurance (ὑπομονή, `{{G5281}}`) in the face of immense suffering. James appeals to the readers' familiarity with Job's story, highlighting his perseverance through trials and the eventual restoration and blessing from the Lord. The passage emphasizes God's character as compassionate and merciful, providing comfort and assurance to those undergoing affliction. Job's life is presented not merely as a historical narrative but as a theological paradigm for faithful suffering and divine vindication.
### Related Words & Concepts
* **Hebrew Origin:** The name Ἰώβ (Iṓb) directly transliterates the Hebrew אִיּוֹב (Iyyov), Strong's `{{H347}}`. Understanding the Hebrew context is crucial, as the figure of Job originates in the Old Testament.
* **Concepts of Suffering and Endurance:** The mention of Job immediately evokes profound themes of undeserved suffering, divine sovereignty, human integrity, and steadfast endurance (ὑπομονή, `{{G5281}}`). His story grapples with the complex problem of evil and the nature of faith in adversity.
* **Patience/Steadfastness:** The term ὑπομονή (hypomonē), often translated as patience or steadfastness, is explicitly linked to Job in [[James 5:11]]. This concept is central to Christian discipleship, particularly in times of trial.
* **Divine Justice and Mercy:** Job's narrative explores the complexities of divine justice and the ultimate triumph of God's compassionate and merciful character, as highlighted by James.
* **Righteous Figures:** In the Old Testament (e.g., [[Ezekiel 14:14]] in the Septuagint), Job is listed alongside other exemplary righteous figures like Noah and Daniel, showcasing a lineage of profound faithfulness.
### Theological Significance
The figure of Job, referenced by the Greek lemma Ἰώβ, holds immense theological significance:
* **Theodicy:** The Book of Job, and by extension the figure of Job, stands as a profound theological exploration of the problem of suffering and the nature of God's justice. Job's unwavering commitment to God, despite his profound anguish and the flawed counsel of his friends, challenges simplistic notions of retributional theology.
* **Faith in Adversity:** Job embodies a radical faith that persists even when God's ways are inscrutable and seemingly contradictory to human understanding. His declaration, "Though he slay me, yet will I hope in him" ([[Job 13:15]]), encapsulates a profound trust that transcends immediate circumstances. This makes him a prototype for believers facing inexplicable hardship.
* **Divine Sovereignty and Grace:** The narrative ultimately affirms God's absolute sovereignty over creation and human affairs, yet it concludes with God's compassionate restoration of Job, demonstrating that divine power is interwoven with grace and mercy.
* **Exemplar for Believers:** In the New Testament, Job is not merely a historical figure but a living paradigm for Christian endurance. [[James 5:11]] leverages Job's experience to encourage believers to persevere, reminding them that God's ultimate purpose is good and that He is "full of compassion and merciful." His story offers hope that steadfastness in trial will be vindicated by the Lord.
### Summary
The Greek lemma Ἰώβ (Iṓb), Strong's `{{G2492}}`, is a direct transliteration of the Hebrew name אִיּוֹב (Iyyov), referring to the biblical patriarch Job. In the New Testament, it appears solely in [[James 5:11]], where Job is presented as the quintessential example of ὑπομονή (endurance or steadfastness) in suffering. His story, deeply rooted in the Old Testament Book of Job, provides a profound theological meditation on undeserved affliction, divine sovereignty, and the nature of faith. The New Testament's reference to Job underscores his enduring significance as a model for believers navigating trials, assuring them of God's ultimate compassion and merciful restoration for those who persevere. The word Ἰώβ, therefore, functions as a powerful theological shorthand for patient endurance and trust in God amidst the most challenging circumstances.
TRV