Word Study for G2289 (θανατόω)

thanatóō /than-at-o'-o/ Ask about this word

Rootfrom θάνατος to kill (literally or figuratively)

KJV usagebecome dead, (cause to be) put to death, kill, mortify.

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of thanatóō — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word thanatóō, represented by G2289, is derived from θάνατος (death) and means to kill, either literally or figuratively. It is defined as to "become dead, (cause to be) put to death, kill, mortify." It appears 17 times across 11 unique verses in the Bible, describing both physical execution and spiritual action.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In its literal sense, G2289 is frequently used to describe the plot against Jesus, where the chief priests and elders took counsel to put him to death (Matthew 27:1; Mark 14:55). It also describes the persecution and martyrdom believers would face, where family members would cause them to be put to death (Mark 13:12; Luke 21:16). Figuratively, the term describes a believer's relationship to sin and the law. Paul uses it to explain that believers have become dead to the law through Christ's body Romans 7:4 and must actively mortify the deeds of the body through the Spirit Romans 8:13.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words provide a fuller context for the concept of death and life:

G2288 thánatos (death): As the noun form from which G2289 is derived, this word signifies the state of death. It is used in passages where brother betrays brother to death Mark 13:12, an event that leads to being "put to death" G2289.
G2227 zōopoiéō (to make alive, give life, quicken): This word serves as a direct contrast to being put to death. Christ was put to death G2289 in the flesh but quickened G2227 by the Spirit 1 Peter 3:18.
G3860 paradídōmi (to surrender, betray, deliver up): This verb often precedes the action of G2289. A brother will first deliver up G3860 his brother, which then results in him being put to death G2289 Matthew 10:21.
G3498 nekrós (dead): This adjective describes the state of being dead from which one is raised. Believers are joined to Christ who was raised from the dead G3498, after they have become dead G2289 to the law Romans 7:4.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G2289 is significant in several key areas:

The Death of Christ: The term is used to describe the literal execution of Jesus. He was put to death in the flesh to bring believers to God 1 Peter 3:18.
Spiritual Mortification: G2289 defines an essential action in the Christian life. Believers are commanded to mortify the deeds of the body through the Spirit in order to live Romans 8:13.
Identification with Christ: The word signifies the believer's new position. Having become dead to the law Romans 7:4, they are freed from its condemnation and united with the risen Christ.
The Cost of Discipleship: It is used to describe the reality of persecution, where followers of Christ are killed all day long, accounted as sheep for the slaughter Romans 8:36.

Summary

In summary, G2289 is a powerful verb that encompasses the physical, spiritual, and relational aspects of death. It describes the literal death of Christ and his followers, but it also carries the crucial figurative meaning of a believer's duty to put sin to death and their new identity as being dead to the law. The word illustrates the transition from being a passive victim of death to being an active agent in mortifying the flesh.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Greek New Testament, this word appears as a verb across 11 occurrences, inflected in 8 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form.

Future Active Indicative 3rd Plural 3×
Aorist Active Infinitive 2×
Aorist Active Subjunctive 3rd Plural 1×
Aorist Passive Indicative 2nd Plural 1×
Aorist Passive Participle Nominative Singular Masculine 1×
Present Active Indicative 2nd Plural 1×
Present Passive Indicative 1st Plural 1×
Present Passive Participle Nominative Plural Masculine 1×

Nominative: The subject of the verb.
Singular: One.
Plural: More than one.
Masculine: Masculine grammatical gender.
1st: First person — the speaker ("I"/"we").
2nd: Second person — the one addressed ("you").
3rd: Third person — the one spoken about ("he"/"they").
Present: Action in progress or repeated — happening now or continually.
Future: Action yet to take place.
Aorist: Action viewed as a single whole — usually a simple past event.
Active: The subject performs the action.
Passive: The subject is acted upon.
Indicative: A plain statement of fact.
Subjunctive: Possibility or purpose — "might", "should".
Infinitive: The verb as a noun — "to do".
Participle: A verbal adjective — describes while carrying the verb's action.

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 11 verses across 6 of the 27 books. Most frequent in Matthew and Romans (3 verses each); never once in the other 21.

Matthew

Mark

Luke

Romans

2 Corinthians

1 Peter

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.