genitive case plural of ἐγώ; of (or from) us:--our (company), us, we.
Transliteration:hēmōn
Pronunciation:hay-mone'
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word ἡμῶν (hēmōn, `{{G2257}}`) is the first-person plural personal pronoun in the genitive case. It is derived from ἐγώ (egō, `{{G1473}}`), the singular first-person pronoun. Its fundamental meaning translates to "of us" or "our." As a pronoun, its semantic range is primarily determined by its grammatical function within a sentence, indicating possession, origin, or a relationship pertaining to a plural subject ("we"). Unlike many nouns or verbs, ἡμῶν does not possess a rich conceptual meaning in isolation but rather serves to define the scope and participants of an action, state, or relationship. It consistently points to a collective identity or shared experience.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
ἡμῶν is a highly frequent word in the New Testament, appearing hundreds of times. Its ubiquitous presence underscores the communal nature of early Christian life, theology, and witness. Contextually, its usage illuminates several nuances:
* **Possession:** This is perhaps the most common usage, denoting ownership or belonging. Examples include "our Father" ([[Matthew 6:9]], [[Luke 11:2]]), signifying a shared relationship with God, and "our daily bread" ([[Matthew 6:11]]), indicating a collective need.
* **Origin or Source:** It can denote the source "from us" or "among us," as seen in [[1 Thessalonians 1:8]], where the word of the Lord "sounded forth from you" (though here it's ὑμῶν, the second person plural, the concept is similar for ἡμῶν if the origin were "from us"). More directly, in [[1 Corinthians 15:1]], Paul speaks of the gospel "which you received, in which you stand, and by which you are being saved, if you hold fast to the word which I preached to you." Here, the "preached to you" refers to the message originating *from* the apostles.
* **Relationship or Association:** ἡμῶν frequently establishes a relationship, such as "our brethren" ([[Romans 15:30]]) or "our Lord Jesus Christ" ([[Romans 15:6]]), highlighting shared kinship or allegiance.
* **Collective Subject/Object:** When the "we" refers to the apostles, believers, or humanity in general, ἡμῶν defines the community or group speaking or being spoken about. For instance, in [[Romans 5:8]], "God shows his love for us in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us," the "us" refers to all humanity in need of salvation. In apostolic letters, ἡμῶν often defines the apostolic collective and their shared mission, as in "our gospel" ([[2 Corinthians 4:3]]).
The consistent use of ἡμῶν throughout the New Testament emphasizes the corporate dimension of faith, prayer, and mission, shifting focus from individualistic piety to a shared communal journey.
### Related Words & Concepts
As the genitive plural of ἐγώ (egō, `{{G1473}}`), ἡμῶν is intrinsically linked to the other forms of the first-person plural pronoun:
* ἡμεῖς (hēmeis, `{{G2249}}`): The nominative plural, meaning "we."
* ἡμᾶς (hēmas, `{{G2248}}`): The accusative plural, meaning "us" (as a direct object).
* ἡμῖν (hēmin, `{{G2254}}`): The dative plural, meaning "to us" or "for us."
Beyond its grammatical cognates, ἡμῶν connects to broader theological concepts of:
* **Corporate Identity:** The concept of the Church as the "Body of Christ" ([[1 Corinthians 12:27]]) necessitates a collective pronoun like ἡμῶν to describe shared experiences, responsibilities, and blessings.
* **Koinonia (Fellowship):** The idea of shared life, communion, and participation among believers, often expressed through collective pronouns.
* **Covenantal Relationship:** Phrases like "our God" or "our Lord" evoke the unique, intimate, and exclusive relationship between God and His chosen people, established through covenant.
* **Shared Mission:** The "we" of the apostles and early believers signifies a unified purpose in spreading the gospel and building the kingdom of God.
### Theological Significance
Despite its grammatical simplicity, ἡμῶν carries profound theological weight, especially in shaping the understanding of Christian community and divine-human relationship.
* **Communal Prayer and Dependence:** Its most prominent theological usage is found in the Lord's Prayer ([[Matthew 6:9-13]], [[Luke 11:2-4]]). The consistent use of ἡμῶν ("Our Father," "give us," "forgive us," "lead us," "deliver us") transforms prayer from a purely individualistic act into a corporate petition. It underscores the shared needs, shared sinfulness, and shared dependence of the community on God's provision and mercy. This teaches believers to pray not just for themselves but for the entire body.
* **Corporate Identity and Solidarity in Christ:** ἡμῶν powerfully articulates the collective identity of believers as the people of God. When Paul speaks of "our hope" ([[Colossians 1:5]]), "our salvation" ([[Hebrews 2:3]]), or "our redemption," it signifies a shared spiritual reality and destiny that binds all believers together. It emphasizes that salvation, sanctification, and eternal life are not merely individual achievements but communal experiences within the Body of Christ.
* **Apostolic Unity and Witness:** In the Pauline epistles, ἡμῶν frequently defines the apostolic group, underscoring their unified message and shared authority. "Our gospel" ([[2 Corinthians 4:3]]), "our ministry" ([[2 Corinthians 4:1]]), and "our comfort" ([[2 Corinthians 7:4]]) illustrate a common testimony and experience that lends credibility and coherence to their proclamation.
* **Intimate Covenantal Relationship with God:** The repeated phrase "our God" or "our Lord Jesus Christ" throughout the New Testament signifies a deeply personal, yet corporate, relationship between the divine and His people. It speaks to God's proprietorship over His chosen ones and their collective belonging to Him, established through grace and covenant.
### Summary
ἡμῶν (hēmōn, `{{G2257}}`) is the genitive plural of the first-person pronoun, meaning "of us" or "our." While grammatically straightforward, its pervasive use in the New Testament profoundly shapes our understanding of Christian life. It consistently emphasizes the communal aspects of faith, defining shared possession, origin, and relationship within the believing community. Theologically, ἡμῶν is foundational to understanding corporate prayer, the collective identity of the Church in Christ, the unified witness of the apostles, and the intimate, covenantal relationship between God and His people. It serves as a constant linguistic reminder that the Christian journey is not solitary but profoundly communal, experienced and expressed as "ours."
TRV