from εὖ and θυμός; in fine spirits, i.e. cheerful:--of good cheer, the more cheerfully.
Transliteration:eúthymos
Pronunciation:yoo'-thoo-mos
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek adjective εὔθυμος (eúthymos, `{{G2115}}`) is a compound word derived from εὖ (eu, "well" or "good") and θυμός (thymos, `{{G2372}}`, "spirit," "mind," "passion," or "temper"). Etymologically, it signifies being "well-spirited" or having a "good disposition of mind." Its core meaning denotes a state of cheerfulness, courage, or being in good spirits. This is not merely a superficial happiness, but rather an inner resolve and positive mental state, often in the face of adversity. The semantic range extends from simple cheerfulness to a deeper sense of courage and fortitude, reflecting a calm and confident spirit.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term εὔθυμος (eúthymos, `{{G2115}}`) appears twice in the New Testament, both times in the book of Acts, and in contexts that underscore its deeper meaning of courage and resilience rather than mere gaiety.
1. **[[Acts 24:10]]**: Here, Paul, standing before Governor Felix, states, "Paul, when the governor motioned for him to speak, answered: 'Knowing that for many years you have been a judge over this nation, I answer for myself with good cheer' (εὐθυμότερον, the comparative form, "more cheerfully" or "with greater confidence")." In this context, Paul is on trial, accused by his enemies. His "good cheer" or "more cheerful" disposition is not an indication of lightheartedness, but rather a profound confidence and composure in the face of grave accusations. It speaks to his inner peace and conviction, possibly rooted in his trust in God's justice and his own innocence of the charges. This reflects a spirit unburdened by fear or despair, ready to articulate his defense.
2. **[[Acts 27:36]]**: During a perilous sea voyage, amidst a raging storm and the imminent threat of shipwreck, Paul encourages the terrified passengers and crew. Following his assurance that no lives would be lost, the text states, "Then they all were encouraged and ate some food" (εὔθυμοι γὰρ πάντες ἐγένοντο, "for they all became of good cheer"). Here, εὔθυμος signifies a restoration of morale, a return to courage and hope after a period of extreme fear and despair. Paul's divine revelation and his subsequent actions (breaking bread) instill in them a renewed spirit, enabling them to face the ongoing danger with fortitude. This instance highlights how a "good spirit" can be imparted and can empower individuals to act constructively in desperate situations.
In both instances, εὔθυμος is manifested in challenging circumstances, pointing to a resilient and courageous spirit rather than a fleeting emotion.
### Related Words & Concepts
The meaning of εὔθυμος (eúthymos, `{{G2115}}`) is illuminated by its etymology and its relationship to other Greek terms:
* **θυμός (thymos, `{{G2372}}`)**: The root word, which can denote strong passion, anger, or wrath, but also spirit, mind, or courage. The prefix εὖ (eu) consistently gives it a positive connotation, transforming "spirit" into "good spirit."
* **εὐθύμως (euthymōs, `{{G2116}}`)**: The adverbial form, meaning "cheerfully" or "courageously." This is the form found in [[Acts 24:10]] (εὐθυμότερον).
* **θάρσος (tharsos, `{{G2294}}`) / θαρσέω (tharseō, `{{G2293}}`)**: These terms mean "courage" or "to be of good courage." They are closely related in semantic range, especially in contexts of adversity. Paul's exhortation to "be of good cheer" (θαρσεῖτε, from θαρσέω) in [[Acts 27:25]] directly precedes the passengers becoming εὔθυμοι, suggesting a strong conceptual link.
* **χαρά (chara, `{{G5479}}`)**: "Joy." While related, εὔθυμος tends to describe a settled, courageous disposition, whereas χαρά often refers to a more intense, often exuberant, emotional state. εὔθυμος is more about inner fortitude than outward exultation.
* **ἀθυμία (athymia)**: The antonym, meaning "despondency" or "lack of spirit." The presence of εὔθυμος implies the absence of such despair.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of εὔθυμος (eúthymos, `{{G2115}}`) lies in its portrayal of a spiritual disposition that transcends human circumstances.
1. **Faith-Inspired Resilience**: In both biblical occurrences, the "good cheer" or "courageous spirit" is not a product of human optimism alone, but appears to be divinely inspired or sustained. In [[Acts 27]], it is Paul's faith in God's promise that enables him to encourage others, leading to their becoming εὔθυμοι. This suggests that true, enduring cheerfulness and courage, especially in dire situations, can be a gift or fruit of faith in God's providence.
2. **Witness in Adversity**: Paul's εὔθυμος disposition before Felix in [[Acts 24]] serves as a powerful witness. His composure and confidence, despite being unjustly accused, testify to the inner peace afforded by his relationship with Christ. This demonstrates how a believer's spirit, even under duress, can reflect the steadfastness of their faith.
3. **Contrast to Worldly Despair**: The concept of εὔθυμος stands in stark contrast to the despair and panic that often grip those without hope in times of crisis. It highlights a spiritual strength that enables believers to face trials with a calm and confident demeanor, knowing that God is sovereign.
4. **Practical Application**: For the Christian life, εὔθυμος encourages believers to cultivate a spirit of resilience and hope, trusting that God is at work even in the midst of suffering. It calls for a disposition that is not easily swayed by external pressures, but remains steadfast in faith.
### Summary
εὔθυμος (eúthymos, `{{G2115}}`) signifies a state of being "well-spirited," embodying cheerfulness, courage, and a positive disposition of mind. Derived from εὖ ("good") and θυμός ("spirit"), it describes an inner fortitude that allows one to face challenging circumstances with resolve. In its two New Testament occurrences in Acts, it portrays Paul's confident composure during his trial ([[Acts 24:10]]) and the renewed courage of the shipwrecked passengers and crew after Paul's divine assurance ([[Acts 27:36]]). Theologically, εὔθυμος points to a faith-inspired resilience, a powerful witness in adversity, and a spiritual strength that contrasts with worldly despair. It encourages believers to cultivate a steadfast and hopeful spirit, rooted in trust in God, even amidst the most trying circumstances.
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