The Greek word eleēmosýnē, represented by G1654, is defined as compassionateness, beneficence, or a benefaction, and is derived from the word for compassion (ἔλεος). It is most often translated as alms or almsdeeds. This term appears 14 times across 14 unique verses in the Bible, highlighting its role as a specific expression of charity and piety.
In scripture, G1654 is presented with careful instruction regarding its practice and motivation. Jesus warns believers to take heed and not perform their alms before men to be seen by them, as this forfeits any reward from the Father in heaven Matthew 6:1. Instead, the act should be done in secret, so that the Father who sees in secret will provide a reward Matthew 6:4. The giving of alms is also portrayed as a mark of a devout life, as seen in Cornelius, who "gave much alms to the people, and prayed to God alway" Acts 10:2, and Tabitha, who was known for her "good works and almsdeeds" Acts 9:36. For the lame man at the temple gate, asking for alms was a daily practice for survival Acts 3:2-3.
Several related words help clarify the context and nature of giving alms:
- G1325 dídōmi (to give): This verb is frequently used to command the action of giving alms, such as in the instruction to "give alms of such things as ye have" Luke 11:41 and to "sell that ye have, and give alms" Luke 12:33.
- G4160 poiéō (to make or do): This word emphasizes that alms are an action to be performed or a deed to be done. It appears in phrases like "when thou doest thine alms" Matthew 6:2 and describes the almsdeeds which Tabitha "did" Acts 9:36.
- G4335 proseuchḗ (prayer): The giving of alms is often spiritually linked with prayer. In the case of Cornelius, an angel states, "Thy prayers and thine alms are come up for a memorial before God" Acts 10:4.
The theological significance of G1654 is centered on the heart and motive behind the act of giving.
- Motive Determines Reward: The teachings in Matthew 6 establish a clear distinction between giving alms for human praise, which has an earthly reward G3408, and giving in secret as an act of devotion to the Father G3962, which He rewards Matthew 6:1-4.
- A Memorial Before God: An act of alms is not a forgotten deed. For Cornelius, his consistent giving was recognized in heaven, ascending "for a memorial G3422 before God G2316" Acts 10:4, signifying divine awareness and approval.
- Evidence of a Devout Life: The practice is presented as an outward sign of inner piety. Cornelius is first described as a devout G2152 man who feared God, with his giving of alms being a primary example of his character Acts 10:2. Similarly, Tabitha's identity as a disciple was demonstrated by her life full of good works G2041 and almsdeeds Acts 9:36.
In summary, G1654 represents far more than simple material charity. It is a specific act of compassion that is meant to be an expression of righteousness and devotion to God. Scripture places heavy emphasis on the motivation behind giving alms, teaching that its spiritual value is found not in public recognition but in a sincere heart before the Father. When performed correctly, these acts serve as a lasting memorial before God and are a hallmark of a genuinely devout life.
TRV