The Greek word hekṓn, represented by G1635, defines what is voluntary. It is an uncommon term, appearing only 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Bible. Its core meaning relates to an action performed by choice or of one's own accord, and is often translated as willingly.
In its biblical occurrences, G1635 is used to draw a sharp contrast between choice and compulsion. In Romans 8:20, it is stated that the creature was made subject to vanity, but "not willingly". This emphasizes that the state of creation was not its own choice but an imposed condition. Conversely, 1 Corinthians 9:17 presents a choice in service: if one does a thing willingly, they have a reward, but if it is done against their will, they are still fulfilling a divine commission.
Several related words help clarify the concept of volition and its opposite:
- G210 ákōn (against the will): This is the direct antonym of G1635, formed with a negative particle. It is used in 1 Corinthians 9:17 to describe service performed out of obligation rather than personal desire.
- G5293 hypotássō (be subject): This word describes the action of being subordinated or put under another's authority. It is used in Romans 8:20 to explain the state that the creature entered "not willingly".
- G3408 misthós (reward): This term refers to pay for service and is directly linked to acting willingly 1 Corinthians 9:17. It establishes a connection between voluntary action and a positive outcome.
The theological weight of G1635 lies in its ability to frame the nature of will in relation to divine purpose.
- Involuntary Subjection: The use in Romans 8:20 clarifies that creation's subjection to vanity G3153 was not a result of its own volition. This state was imposed, yet it was subjected "in hope" G1680, suggesting a divine purpose that transcends the creature's will.
- Motivation for Service: The word highlights the internal disposition behind ministry. Acting willingly is associated with earning a reward G3408, while acting against my will G210 is linked to the fulfillment of a "dispensation of the gospel" 1 Corinthians 9:17, an inescapable stewardship.
- Choice and Compulsion: Ultimately, G1635 distinguishes between actions born of free choice and those performed under obligation, providing a framework for understanding human and created responses to divine authority.
In summary, while G1635 is used sparingly, it carries significant meaning. It defines the essence of voluntary action and is employed to contrast choice with divine subjection and obligation. Through its use in describing both the state of creation and the motivation for apostolic ministry, it underscores the theological importance of volition in the broader narrative of God's sovereign plan.
TRV