from ἐκ and a derivative of τίθημι; put out, i.e. exposed to perish:--cast out.
Transliteration:ékthetos
Pronunciation:ek'-thet-os
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word ἔκθετος (ékthetos, `{{G1570}}`) is a verbal adjective derived from the preposition ἐκ (ek), meaning "out of" or "from," and a derivative of the verb τίθημι (tithēmi), meaning "to place" or "to put." Etymologically, it signifies "put out" or "placed outside." However, its semantic range extends beyond mere physical placement to convey a specific, dire consequence: "exposed to perish." This implies an act of abandonment, leaving someone or something vulnerable to harm, destruction, or death, often with a deliberate intent or a clear understanding of the fatal outcome. It denotes a state of being unprotected and left to the elements or hostile forces, signifying extreme vulnerability and impending doom.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term ἔκθετος (ékthetos, `{{G1570}}`) appears only once in the New Testament, specifically in Stephen's sermon in [[Acts 7:19]]. In this passage, Stephen recounts the history of Israel, highlighting the severe oppression faced by their ancestors in Egypt: "This one dealt craftily with our race and oppressed our fathers, making them expose their infants, so that they would not be kept alive."
The context here refers to Pharaoh's decree to kill all male Hebrew infants by ordering their exposure (ἐκθετος ποιεῖν τὰ βρέφη). This was a brutal form of infanticide, where infants were left in the open, typically along riverbanks or in desolate places, to die from exposure, starvation, or predation. Stephen's use of ἔκθετος vividly portrays the extreme cruelty and genocidal intent of Pharaoh's policy, underscoring the desperate plight of the Israelite people. It sets the stage for the miraculous preservation of Moses, who himself was "exposed" but divinely protected and raised to be their deliverer. The word powerfully conveys the vulnerability of the innocent and the ruthlessness of the oppressor.
### Related Words & Concepts
The components of ἔκθετος offer insight into its semantic field:
* **ἐκ (ek):** The preposition "out of" or "from" (e.g., `{{G1537}}`) emphasizes the act of removal or expulsion inherent in "exposure."
* **τίθημι (tithēmi):** The verb "to place," "to put," or "to lay" (e.g., `{{G5087}}`) provides the foundational action of positioning.
Related concepts that resonate with ἔκθετος include:
* **Abandonment:** The act of leaving someone or something behind, often without care or protection.
* **Vulnerability:** The state of being susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm.
* **Infanticide:** The practice of killing infants, which was common in the ancient world and is directly referenced by the use of ἔκθετος in [[Acts 7:19]].
* **Oppression:** The prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or exercise of authority, as seen in Pharaoh's actions.
* **Divine Providence:** In contrast to human exposure and abandonment, the biblical narrative often highlights God's protective hand over the vulnerable, as exemplified by Moses' rescue. This concept stands in stark opposition to the human act of "exposing to perish."
### Theological Significance
The singular occurrence of ἔκθετος (ékthetos, `{{G1570}}`) in [[Acts 7:19]] carries profound theological weight. It serves as a stark reminder of humanity's capacity for extreme cruelty and the vulnerability of the innocent in the face of such evil. Pharaoh's decree to "expose" the Hebrew infants represents a direct assault on life, a desperate attempt to thwart God's promise of a numerous people.
Theologically, the term highlights:
1. **The Sanctity of Life:** The vivid description of infants being "exposed to perish" implicitly underscores the preciousness of human life, particularly the most defenseless. God's immediate intervention through Moses's preservation demonstrates His valuing of life even when human powers seek to destroy it.
2. **God's Providence Amidst Persecution:** While humans "expose" and abandon, God acts to preserve and deliver. The story of Moses, exposed yet saved, is a powerful testament to divine providence that works even through the most desperate circumstances. It foreshadows God's consistent pattern of delivering His people from oppression and using unlikely means (like a "cast out" infant) to achieve His purposes.
3. **The Nature of Evil:** The act of exposing infants reveals the depth of human depravity and the malevolent nature of oppression that seeks to extinguish hope and life. It contrasts sharply with the life-giving nature of God.
### Summary
The Greek word ἔκθετος (ékthetos, `{{G1570}}`) precisely captures the grim reality of being "exposed to perish," an act of deliberate abandonment leading to certain death. Its sole appearance in [[Acts 7:19]] powerfully describes Pharaoh's genocidal decree against Israelite male infants, emphasizing the extreme vulnerability of the innocent and the depths of human cruelty. Theologically, ἔκθετος serves as a poignant reminder of the sanctity of life and, conversely, highlights the miraculous nature of God's providential care and deliverance, which intervenes even when human powers seek to destroy and abandon.
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