from εἰ and τὶς; if any:--he that, if a(-ny) man('s thing, from any, ought), whether any, whosoever.
Transliteration:eí tis
Pronunciation:i tis
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek phrase εἴ τις (transliterated as *eí tis*), designated by Strong's `{{G1536}}`, is a compound expression derived from the conditional particle εἰ (`{{G1487}}`, "if") and the indefinite pronoun τις (`{{G5100}}`, "anyone," "someone," "a certain one"). Together, they form a conditional clause that broadly translates to "if anyone," "if someone," "whoever," or "if there is any." Its core meaning lies in introducing a hypothetical or potential situation that applies to an unspecified individual or group. The phrase often implies a universal applicability of the condition that follows, making the subsequent statement relevant to any person who fits the described scenario.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The phrase εἴ τις occurs frequently throughout the New Testament, particularly in the Gospels and the Pauline Epistles, where it serves to introduce general principles, ethical exhortations, and universal calls to action or warnings.
* **Establishing Universal Principles and Calls to Discipleship:**
* In [[Matthew 16:24]] and its parallel in [[Mark 8:34]], Jesus states, "If anyone wishes to come after Me, he must deny himself, and take up his cross and follow Me." Here, εἴ τις (εἴ τις θέλει ὀπίσω μου ἐλθεῖν) presents a universal condition for discipleship, applying to any individual who desires to follow Christ.
* Similarly, [[Mark 9:35]] declares, "If anyone wishes to be first, he shall be last of all and servant of all." This uses εἴ τις (εἴ τις θέλει πρῶτος εἶναι) to set a counter-cultural standard for leadership within the Kingdom.
* [[2 Corinthians 5:17]] presents a foundational theological truth: "Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation." The phrase εἴ τις (εἴ τις ἐν Χριστῷ) introduces a definitive statement about the transformative power of faith for any believer.
* **Issuing Ethical Injunctions and Warnings:**
* Paul often uses εἴ τις to lay down ethical guidelines or to address potential misconduct within the church. For example, [[1 Corinthians 3:14]] speaks of the testing of one's work: "If anyone's work which he has built on it remains, he will receive a reward." (εἴ τινος τὸ ἔργον μενεῖ).
* In [[1 Corinthians 14:37]], Paul challenges spiritual pride: "If anyone thinks he is a prophet or spiritual, let him recognize that the things which I write to you are the Lord's commandment." (εἴ τις δοκεῖ προφήτης εἶναι ἢ πνευματικός).
* A strong warning against false teaching is found in [[Galatians 1:9]]: "If anyone preaches to you a gospel contrary to what you received, he is to be accursed!" (εἴ τις ὑμᾶς εὐαγγελίζεται παρ' ὃ παρελάβετε).
* **Offering Invitations and Defining Consequences:**
* [[James 1:5]] offers an inclusive invitation: "But if any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask of God, who gives to all generously and without reproach, and it will be given to him." (εἴ τις ὑμῶν λείπεται σοφίας).
* In the book of Revelation, εἴ τις is used to delineate critical choices and their eternal consequences, as seen in [[Revelation 13:9]]: "If anyone has an ear, let him hear." (εἴ τις ἔχει οὖς ἀκουσάτω), a call to spiritual discernment.
* Similarly, [[Revelation 14:9]] issues a dire warning: "If anyone worships the beast and his image, and receives a mark on his forehead or on his hand..." (εἴ τις προσκυνεῖ τὸ θηρίον).
The use of εἴ τις often implies a real or probable condition, inviting the reader to self-identify with the stated premise and consider the subsequent implications. While grammatically distinct from ἐάν τις (`{{G1437}}`), which often denotes a future more vivid or general condition, εἴ τις still carries a strong sense of universal applicability to whoever meets the specified criteria.
### Related Words & Concepts
The meaning of εἴ τις is intrinsically linked to its constituent parts:
* εἰ (`{{G1487}}`): The conditional particle "if," which establishes the premise of the clause.
* τις (`{{G5100}}`): The indefinite pronoun "someone" or "anyone," which universalizes the subject of the condition.
Other related terms and concepts include:
* ἐάν (`{{G1437}}`): "if," "when," "whenever." While often translated similarly, ἐάν (a contraction of εἰ ἄν) typically introduces a more contingent or future-oriented condition, often with a subjunctive verb.
* πᾶς (`{{G3956}}`): "all," "every." While εἴ τις focuses on the individual within a potential condition ("if *any* one"), πᾶς refers to the totality or universality of a group or characteristic.
* ὅστις (`{{G3748}}`): "whoever," "whatever." This is a relative pronoun that can function similarly to εἴ τις in some contexts, but εἴ τις is primarily a conditional phrase.
* **Conditionality:** The very essence of εἴ τις is to establish a condition, highlighting the "if...then" structure of divine truth and human response.
* **Universality:** Despite addressing an unspecified individual, the phrase often implies that the principle or command applies to all who fit the condition.
* **Individual Responsibility:** The use of "anyone" underscores the personal nature of faith, obedience, and accountability before God.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of εἴ τις is profound, shaping our understanding of individual responsibility, the universal nature of divine truth, and the ethical demands of the Christian life.
* **Personal Accountability and Choice:** The frequent use of εἴ τις underscores that the call of the gospel and the demands of discipleship are personal. It addresses each individual, requiring a conscious decision and a personal response to Christ's teachings and commands (e.g., [[Matthew 16:24]]). Salvation, sanctification, and judgment are not merely corporate but hinge on the individual's posture towards God.
* **Universal Applicability of Truth:** While focusing on "anyone," the phrase simultaneously conveys that God's truth, His promises, and His requirements are universally applicable. They are not limited to a select few but are open to "whoever" meets the specified condition, emphasizing the inclusive nature of God's grace and the accessibility of His wisdom (e.g., [[James 1:5]]).
* **Ethical and Moral Imperatives:** Many occurrences of εἴ τις introduce ethical injunctions or behavioral expectations within the Christian community. It sets standards for conduct, service, and spiritual discernment for "whoever" seeks to live righteously and honor God (e.g., [[1 Peter 4:11]]). This highlights the practical implications of faith in daily life.
* **Consequences of Action and Inaction:** The conditional nature of εἴ τις clauses often implies direct consequences, both positive and negative. Blessings, rewards, and eternal life are promised to those who fulfill the conditions (e.g., [[1 Corinthians 3:14]]), while warnings of judgment and exclusion are given to those who fail to meet them or actively oppose God's will (e.g., [[Galatians 1:9]], [[Revelation 14:9]]). This reinforces the seriousness of human choices in light of divine revelation.
### Summary
The Greek phrase εἴ τις (`{{G1536}}`), formed from εἰ (`{{G1487}}`, "if") and τις (`{{G5100}}`, "anyone"), functions as a foundational conditional particle in the New Testament, meaning "if anyone" or "whoever." Its pervasive use, particularly in the Gospels and Epistles, serves to introduce universal principles, ethical injunctions, and calls to personal responsibility. The phrase highlights the individual's accountability before God, emphasizing that divine commands, invitations, and warnings apply personally to "whoever" meets the stated condition. Theologically, εἴ τις underscores the universal applicability of God's truth, the personal nature of faith and obedience, the ethical demands placed upon believers, and the inevitable consequences—both positive and negative—that flow from individual choices in response to God's revealed will. It is a powerful linguistic tool that brings the broad scope of divine truth to bear on the specific actions and attitudes of each person.
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