The Greek word daímōn, represented by G1142, refers to a supernatural spirit of a bad nature. Derived from a word meaning to distribute fortunes, its biblical usage is specific and negative. It appears 5 times across 5 unique verses, consistently denoting a devil or malevolent entity.
In the biblical narrative, G1142 is used to describe beings with supernatural power that are hostile to humanity and subject to divine authority. They are shown to possess and torment individuals, as in the case of a man who was "driven of the devil into the wilderness" Luke 8:29. In other accounts, these devils recognize and beseech Jesus, asking to be sent into a herd of swine rather than be cast out entirely (Matthew 8:31, Mark 5:12). In Revelation, they are described as inhabiting the ruins of fallen Babylon Revelation 18:2 and as deceptive "spirits of devils, working miracles" to gather the kings of the earth for battle Revelation 16:14.
Several related words clarify the nature and context of G1142:
- G4151 pneûma: Defined as a breeze, breath, or spirit, this term can refer to the human soul, an angel, a demon, or the Holy Spirit. Its direct connection to G1142 is seen when the beings are called "spirits G4151 of devils G1142" Revelation 16:14, identifying a daímōn as a specific type of malevolent pneûma.
- G169 akáthartos: Meaning "impure" or "unclean," this word is frequently paired with pneûma to form the phrase "unclean spirit" Matthew 10:1. Its link to G1142 is explicit in the description of fallen Babylon as a "habitation of devils" and a "hold of every foul G169 spirit" Revelation 18:2, establishing their inherently unclean nature.
The theological weight of G1142 highlights the reality of a spiritual realm in opposition to God.
- Active Malevolence: These beings are not abstract forces but active agents that can possess individuals Luke 8:29 and exercise influence in the world. They are directly hostile to God's creation.
- Deceptive Influence: Their capacity for "working miracles" is a key aspect of their identity, used to deceive and rally human authorities against God Revelation 16:14.
- Symbol of Judgment and Ruin: The presence of devils serves as a sign of ultimate desolation. When Babylon the great is fallen, it becomes their "habitation," marking it as a place judged by God and devoid of holiness Revelation 18:2.
In summary, G1142 is a precise term for a malevolent supernatural being. Though used sparingly, its appearances in scripture are significant, illustrating a spiritual conflict where these devils act with deceptive power against humanity but are ultimately subject to divine judgment. The word is consistently associated with impurity, possession, and the spiritual ruin that follows rebellion against God.
TRV