### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **brygmós**, represented by `{{G1030}}`, is defined as a **gnashing** or grating of the teeth. It appears **7 times** across **7 unique verses** in the Bible. This specific term is used exclusively to describe a state of extreme anguish and despair associated with divine judgment.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G1030}}` is consistently found within the phrase "weeping and **gnashing** of teeth" or "wailing and **gnashing** of teeth." This expression describes the fate of those who are judged and cast out. This occurs in contexts of being thrown into "outer darkness" ([[Matthew 8:12]]; [[Matthew 22:13]]; [[Matthew 25:30]]) or a "furnace of fire" ([[Matthew 13:42]]; [[Matthew 13:50]]). The term is also used to describe the state of those who see the patriarchs in the kingdom of God while they themselves are "thrust out" [[Luke 13:28]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the context and meaning of `{{G1030}}`:
* `{{G2805}}` **klauthmós** (lamentation:--wailing, weeping, X wept): This word is always used in direct conjunction with `{{G1030}}`, forming a fixed pair that describes the auditory and physical expressions of torment [[Matthew 8:12]].
* `{{G3599}}` **odoús** (a "tooth":--tooth): This word identifies the object of the action. The **gnashing** described by `{{G1030}}` is specifically of the **teeth** `{{G3599}}`, completing the vivid picture of suffering [[Luke 13:28]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G1030}}` is focused entirely on the consequences of divine judgment.
* **Symbol of Final Punishment:** The act of **gnashing** is exclusively associated with the final state of the unrighteous, such as the "unprofitable servant" [[Matthew 25:30]] or those appointed a portion with the "hypocrites" [[Matthew 24:51]].
* **Expression of Hopeless Anguish:** Paired with weeping `{{G2805}}`, the **gnashing** of teeth `{{G3599}}` is not merely an expression of pain, but of the profound and irreversible sorrow of being eternally separated from God's kingdom [[Luke 13:28]].
* **A State of Torment:** The imagery of being cast into a "furnace of fire" or "outer darkness" where this **gnashing** occurs paints a stark picture of active, conscious torment as a result of judgment [[Matthew 13:42]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G1030}}` is not a general term for anger or pain but a highly specific descriptor of eschatological torment. Its invariable pairing with weeping `{{G2805}}` and its exclusive use in contexts of final judgment, such as being cast into "outer darkness" [[Matthew 8:12]], define it as a key term for understanding the biblical depiction of the fate of the condemned. It portrays a state of ultimate, hopeless anguish expressed through the physical act of **gnashing** the teeth.
TRV