King James Version:
(The Lord speaking is red text)
If the sun be risen upon him, [there shall be] blood [shed] for him; [for] he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.
Complete Jewish Bible:
unless it happens after sunrise, in which case it is murder. A thief must make restitution; so if he has nothing, he himself is to be sold to make good the loss from the theft.
Berean Standard Bible:
But if it happens after sunrise, there is guilt for his bloodshed. A thief must make full restitution; if he has nothing, he himself shall be sold for his theft.
American Standard Version:
If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be bloodguiltiness for him; he shall make restitution: if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.
KJV with Strong’s Numbers:
If the sun{H8121} be risen{H2224} upon him, there shall be blood{H1818} shed for him; for he should make full{H7999} restitution{H7999}; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold{H4376} for his theft{H1591}.
Cross-References (KJV):
Exodus 21:2
- If thou buy an Hebrew servant, six years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing.
Judges 2:14
- And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he delivered them into the hands of spoilers that spoiled them, and he sold them into the hands of their enemies round about, so that they could not any longer stand before their enemies.
Isaiah 50:1
- ¶ Thus saith the LORD, Where [is] the bill of your mother's divorcement, whom I have put away? or which of my creditors [is it] to whom I have sold you? Behold, for your iniquities have ye sold yourselves, and for your transgressions is your mother put away.
Judges 10:7
- And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he sold them into the hands of the Philistines, and into the hands of the children of Ammon.
Matthew 18:25
- But forasmuch as he had not to pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, and his wife, and children, and all that he had, and payment to be made.
Explore This Verse Across Other Resources:
Commentary for Exodus 22:3
1. **Themes:**
- **Restitution:** The verse emphasizes the principle of restitution, where a thief must repay the victim for the stolen goods.
- **Justice and Responsibility:** It reflects a legal system designed to uphold justice and ensure that wrongdoers are held accountable for their actions.
- **Property Rights:** The verse underscores the importance of protecting property rights within the society.
- **Social Order:** It also indicates a societal structure where the community enforces laws and maintains order.
2. **Historical Context:**
- **Time Period:** Exodus is set in the context of the Israelites' journey from slavery in Egypt to the Promised Land. This verse is part of the Covenant Code, which contains laws given to Moses by God at Mount Sinai.
- **Legal System:** The laws in Exodus were revolutionary for their time, providing a structured legal system for the newly formed nation of Israel. They included both civil and religious laws.
- **Ancient Near Eastern Context:** The laws in Exodus, including this one, often paralleled other ancient Near Eastern legal codes, such as the Code of Hammurabi. However, the Israelite laws had unique features reflecting their faith and values.
- **Economic Conditions:** The provision for selling a thief who cannot make restitution reflects the economic realities of the time, where slavery was a common social and economic institution.
In summary, Exodus 22:3 reflects themes of justice, restitution, and property rights within the historical context of the formation of Israel's legal system, influenced by the socio-economic conditions of the ancient Near East.
*This commentary is produced by Microsoft/WizardLM-2-8x22B AI model
Strong's Numbers and Definitions:
Note: H = Hebrew (OT), G = Greek (NT)
- Strong's Number: H8121
There are 127 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: שֶׁמֶשׁ
Transliteration: shemesh
Pronunciation: sheh'-mesh
Description: from an unused root meaning to be brilliant; the sun; by implication, the east; figuratively, a ray, i.e. (architectural) a notched battlement; [phrase] east side(-ward), sun (rising), [phrase] west(-ward), window. See also בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ. - Strong's Number: H2224
There are 17 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: זָרַח
Transliteration: zârach
Pronunciation: zaw-rakh'
Description: a primitive root; properly, to irradiate (or shoot forth beams), i.e. to rise (as the sun); specifically, to appear (as a symptom of leprosy); arise, rise (up), as soon as it is up. - Strong's Number: H1818
There are 295 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: דָּם
Transliteration: dâm
Pronunciation: dawm
Description: from דָּמַם (compare אָדַם); blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed (i.e. drops of blood); blood(-y, -guiltiness, (-thirsty), [phrase] innocent. - Strong's Number: H7999
There are 107 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: שָׁלַם
Transliteration: shâlam
Pronunciation: shaw-lam'
Description: a primitive root; to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate (in various applications); make amends, (make an) end, finish, full, give again, make good, (re-) pay (again), (make) (to) (be at) peace(-able), that is perfect, perform, (make) prosper(-ous), recompense, render, requite, make restitution, restore, reward, [idiom] surely. - Strong's Number: H4376
There are 74 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: מָכַר
Transliteration: mâkar
Pronunciation: maw-kar'
Description: a primitive root; to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender); [idiom] at all, sell (away, -er, self). - Strong's Number: H1591
There are 2 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: גְּנֵבָה
Transliteration: gᵉnêbâh
Pronunciation: ghen-ay-baw'
Description: from גָּנַב; stealing, i.e. (concretely) something stolen; theft.