King James Version:
(The Lord speaking is red text)
And if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution unto the owner thereof.
Complete Jewish Bible:
But if it was stolen from the neighbor, he must make restitution to the owner.
Berean Standard Bible:
But if the animal was actually stolen from the neighbor, he must make restitution to the owner.
American Standard Version:
But if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution unto the owner thereof.
KJV with Strong’s Numbers:
And if it be stolen{H1589}{H1589} from him, he shall make restitution{H7999} unto the owner{H1167} thereof.
Cross-References (KJV):
Genesis 31:39
- That which was torn [of beasts] I brought not unto thee; I bare the loss of it; of my hand didst thou require it, [whether] stolen by day, or stolen by night.
Exodus 22:7
- ¶ If a man shall deliver unto his neighbour money or stuff to keep, and it be stolen out of the man's house; if the thief be found, let him pay double.
Explore This Verse Across Other Resources:
Commentary for Exodus 22:12
1. Themes:
- **Responsibility and Restitution:** Exodus 22:12 emphasizes the importance of personal responsibility and making amends for wrongdoing. The verse addresses the situation where an individual is entrusted with someone else's property and it is stolen while in their care. The theme of restitution is clear: the person who was given the property must compensate the owner for the loss.
- **Justice and Fairness:** The principle of making restitution reflects a broader theme of justice within the community, ensuring that victims of theft are not left without recourse or compensation.
- **Trust and Accountability:** The verse also touches on the expectations of trustworthiness and accountability in a community, particularly concerning the handling of another person's goods.
2. Historical Context:
- **Mosaic Law:** This verse is part of the Covenant Code, which is found within the book of Exodus and is a collection of laws given to the Israelites after their exodus from Egypt. These laws were meant to govern the social and religious life of the Israelite community.
- **Nomadic and Agrarian Society:** The laws in Exodus, including this one, were given to a society that was transitioning from a nomadic to a more settled, agrarian way of life. Property and its protection were crucial for the stability and prosperity of individual households and the community at large.
- **Legal Precedents:** The laws in Exodus set forth a legal system that included specific instructions for various cases, including theft and restitution. This system was designed to ensure order and fair treatment among the Israelites as they established themselves in the land of Canaan.
- **Ethical Foundation:** The command to make restitution for stolen goods reflects broader ancient Near Eastern legal practices but also establishes a moral and ethical foundation for the Israelite community, emphasizing the values of integrity and personal accountability.
*This commentary is produced by Microsoft/WizardLM-2-8x22B AI model
Strong's Numbers and Definitions:
Note: H = Hebrew (OT), G = Greek (NT)
- Strong's Number: H1589
There are 36 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: גָּנַב
Transliteration: gânab
Pronunciation: gaw-nab'
Description: a primitive root; to thieve (literally or figuratively); by implication, to deceive; carry away, [idiom] indeed, secretly bring, steal (away), get by stealth. - Strong's Number: H7999
There are 107 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: שָׁלַם
Transliteration: shâlam
Pronunciation: shaw-lam'
Description: a primitive root; to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate (in various applications); make amends, (make an) end, finish, full, give again, make good, (re-) pay (again), (make) (to) (be at) peace(-able), that is perfect, perform, (make) prosper(-ous), recompense, render, requite, make restitution, restore, reward, [idiom] surely. - Strong's Number: H1167
There are 78 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: בַּעַל
Transliteration: baʻal
Pronunciation: bah'-al
Description: from בָּעַל; a master; hence, a husband, or (figuratively) owner (often used with another noun in modifications of this latter sense); [phrase] archer, [phrase] babbler, [phrase] bird, captain, chief man, [phrase] confederate, [phrase] have to do, [phrase] dreamer, those to whom it is due, [phrase] furious, those that are given to it, great, [phrase] hairy, he that hath it, have, [phrase] horseman, husband, lord, man, [phrase] married, master, person, [phrase] sworn, they of.