Exodus 12:18

King James Version:

(The Lord speaking is red text)

In the first [month], on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.

Complete Jewish Bible:

From the evening of the fourteenth day of the first month until the evening of the twenty-first day, you are to eat matzah.

Berean Standard Bible:

In the first month you are to eat unleavened bread, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day.

American Standard Version:

In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.

KJV with Strong’s Numbers:

In the first^{H7223} month, on the fourteenth^{{H6240}{H702}} day^{H3117} of the month^{H2320} at even^{H6153}, ye shall eat^{H398} unleavened bread^{H4682}, until the one^{H259} and twentieth^{H6242} day^{H3117} of the month^{H2320} at even^{H6153}.

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Commentary for Exodus 12:18

1. **Themes:**
- **Passover and Unleavened Bread:** Exodus 12:18 is part of the instructions given to the Israelites for the celebration of Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread. The verse emphasizes the precise timing for eating unleavened bread, marking the beginning and end of the seven-day festival.
- **Deliverance and Redemption:** The festival commemorates the Israelites' deliverance from slavery in Egypt, with the unleavened bread symbolizing the haste with which they left, not having time to let their bread rise.
- **Obedience and Commemoration:** The command to eat unleavened bread for a set period each year serves as a perpetual reminder to the Israelites of God's deliverance and the importance of obedience to His commands.

2. **Historical Context:**
- **The Exodus from Egypt:** The verse is set within the narrative of the Israelites' exodus from Egypt, which is a foundational event in Jewish history and theology. God has sent the final plague, the death of the firstborn, and has instructed Moses and Aaron on how the Israelites can be spared.
- **Establishment of a New Calendar:** The month referenced in the verse is later named Nisan, which becomes the first month of the religious calendar for the Israelites, marking a new beginning for God's people.
- **Covenantal Significance:** The observance of Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread is part of the covenant between God and Israel, establishing a ritual to be followed by every generation as a sign of God's covenantal faithfulness.

In summary, Exodus 12:18 encapsulates the divine directive for the Israelites to annually observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, beginning on the 14th day of the first month, to commemorate their divine deliverance from Egypt, reinforce their identity as God's covenant people, and remember the importance of obedience to God's law.

*This commentary is produced by Microsoft/WizardLM-2-8x22B AI model

Strong's Numbers and Definitions:

Note: H = Hebrew (OT), G = Greek (NT)

1. Strong's Number: H7223
   There are 174 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: רִאשׁוֹן
   Transliteration: riʼshôwn
   Pronunciation: ree-shone'
   Description: or רִאשֹׁן; from רִאשָׁה; first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun); ancestor, (that were) before(-time), beginning, eldest, first, fore(-father) (-most), former (thing), of old time, past.
   
2. Strong's Number: H6240
   There are 292 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: עָשָׂר
   Transliteration: ʻâsâr
   Pronunciation: aw-sawr'
   Description: for עֶשֶׂר; ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth; (eigh-, fif-, four-, nine-, seven-, six-, thir-) teen(-th), [phrase] eleven(-th), [phrase] sixscore thousand, [phrase] twelve(-th).
   
3. Strong's Number: H702
   There are 383 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: אַרְבַּע
   Transliteration: ʼarbaʻ
   Pronunciation: ar-bah'
   Description: masculine אַרְבָּעָה; from רָבַע; four; four.
   
4. Strong's Number: H3117
   There are 1931 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: יוֹם
   Transliteration: yôwm
   Pronunciation: yome
   Description: from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger.
   
5. Strong's Number: H2320
   There are 224 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: חֹדֶשׁ
   Transliteration: chôdesh
   Pronunciation: kho'-desh
   Description: from חָדַשׁ; the new moon; by implication, a month; month(-ly), new moon.
   
6. Strong's Number: H6153
   There are 130 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: עֶרֶב
   Transliteration: ʻereb
   Pronunciation: eh'-reb
   Description: from עָרַב; dusk; [phrase] day, even(-ing, tide), night.
   
7. Strong's Number: H398
   There are 825 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: אָכַל
   Transliteration: ʼâkal
   Pronunciation: aw-kal'
   Description: a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively); [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite.
   
8. Strong's Number: H4682
   There are 42 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: מַצָּה
   Transliteration: matstsâh
   Pronunciation: mats-tsaw'
   Description: from מָצַץ in the sense of greedily devouring for sweetness; properly, sweetness; concretely, sweet (i.e. not soured or bittered with yeast); specifically, an unfermented cake or loaf, or (elliptically) the festival of Passover (because no leaven was then used); unleaved (bread, cake), without leaven.
   
9. Strong's Number: H259
   There are 801 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: אֶחָד
   Transliteration: ʼechâd
   Pronunciation: ekh-awd'
   Description: a numeral from אָחַד; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first; a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), [phrase] eleven, every, few, first, [phrase] highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together,
   
10. Strong's Number: H6242
    There are 281 instances of this translation in the Bible
    Lemma: עֶשְׂרִים
    Transliteration: ʻesrîym
    Pronunciation: es-reem'
    Description: from עֶשֶׂר; twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth; (six-) score, twenty(-ieth).