King James Version:
(The Lord speaking is red text)
Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee.
Complete Jewish Bible:
"'Observe the day of Shabbat, to set it apart as holy, as ADONAI your God ordered you to do.
Berean Standard Bible:
Observe the Sabbath day by keeping it holy, as the LORD your God has commanded you.
American Standard Version:
Observe the sabbath day, to keep it holy, as Jehovah thy God commanded thee.
KJV with Strong’s Numbers:
Keep{H8104} the sabbath{H7676} day{H3117} to sanctify{H6942} it, as the LORD{H3068} thy God{H430} hath commanded{H6680} thee.
Cross-References (KJV):
Exodus 20:8
- Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
Exodus 20:11
- For [in] six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them [is], and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.
Isaiah 58:13
- ¶ If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath, [from] doing thy pleasure on my holy day; and call the sabbath a delight, the holy of the LORD, honourable; and shalt honour him, not doing thine own ways, nor finding thine own pleasure, nor speaking [thine own] words:
Isaiah 56:6
- Also the sons of the stranger, that join themselves to the LORD, to serve him, and to love the name of the LORD, to be his servants, every one that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it, and taketh hold of my covenant;
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Commentary for Deuteronomy 5:12
Deuteronomy 5:12 is part of the second rendering of the Ten Commandments in the book of Deuteronomy, which is the fifth book of the Torah (Pentateuch) in the Hebrew Bible. The verse specifically addresses the commandment to observe the Sabbath, which is the seventh day of the week, as a day of rest and sanctification.
**Themes:**
1. **Sanctity of Time:** The commandment emphasizes the importance of setting aside sacred time, rather than just space, to honor God.
2. **Rest and Reflection:** Observing the Sabbath involves ceasing from work, which allows for physical rest, spiritual reflection, and the opportunity to focus on one's relationship with God and family.
3. **Imitation of God:** The Sabbath is a reflection of God's rest on the seventh day of creation (Genesis 2:2-3), and by resting, humans imitate the divine pattern.
4. **Social Justice:** The Sabbath also serves as a day of equality, as it mandates a day off for all, including servants and animals, promoting a just society.
**Historical Context:**
The book of Deuteronomy is presented as a series of speeches by Moses to the Israelites as they prepare to enter the Promised Land after wandering in the wilderness for 40 years following their exodus from Egypt. The historical context of Deuteronomy 5:12 is rooted in the covenantal relationship between God and Israel, established at Mount Sinai/Horeb, where the Ten Commandments were first given (Exodus 20).
The commandment to keep the Sabbath holy was a distinctive feature of ancient Israelite religion, setting them apart from neighboring cultures. It was a sign of the covenant between God and Israel (Exodus 31:13-17) and played a central role in Israel's religious and social life. Observance of the Sabbath was a marker of Jewish identity, and its strict observance was later emphasized during the Babylonian exile and the subsequent Second Temple period, as a means of preserving Jewish religious and cultural practices in a foreign land.
The Sabbath commandment has had a profound influence on Jewish law and tradition, as well as on the development of Christian and Islamic practices regarding the sanctity of time.
*This commentary is produced by Microsoft/WizardLM-2-8x22B AI model
Strong's Numbers and Definitions:
Note: H = Hebrew (OT), G = Greek (NT)
- Strong's Number: H8104
There are 440 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: שָׁמַר
Transliteration: shâmar
Pronunciation: shaw-mar'
Description: a primitive root; properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.; beward, be circumspect, take heed (to self), keep(-er, self), mark, look narrowly, observe, preserve, regard, reserve, save (self), sure, (that lay) wait (for), watch(-man). - Strong's Number: H7676
There are 89 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: שַׁבָּת
Transliteration: shabbâth
Pronunciation: shab-bawth'
Description: intensive from שָׁבַת; intermission, i.e (specifically) the Sabbath; ([phrase] every) sabbath. - Strong's Number: H3117
There are 1931 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: יוֹם
Transliteration: yôwm
Pronunciation: yome
Description: from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger. - Strong's Number: H6942
There are 153 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: קָדַשׁ
Transliteration: qâdash
Pronunciation: kaw-dash'
Description: a primitive root; to be (causatively, make, pronounce or observe as) clean (ceremonially or morally); appoint, bid, consecrate, dedicate, defile, hallow, (be, keep) holy(-er, place), keep, prepare, proclaim, purify, sanctify(-ied one, self), [idiom] wholly. - Strong's Number: H3068
There are 5521 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: יְהֹוָה
Transliteration: Yᵉhôvâh
Pronunciation: yeh-ho-vaw'
Description: from הָיָה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יָהּ, יְהֹוִה. - Strong's Number: H430
There are 2334 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: אֱלֹהִים
Transliteration: ʼĕlôhîym
Pronunciation: el-o-heem'
Description: plural of אֱלוֹהַּ; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative; angels, [idiom] exceeding, God (gods) (-dess, -ly), [idiom] (very) great, judges, [idiom] mighty. - Strong's Number: H6680
There are 475 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: צָוָה
Transliteration: tsâvâh
Pronunciation: tsaw-vaw'
Description: a primitive root; (intensively) to constitute, enjoin; appoint, (for-) bid, (give a) charge, (give a, give in, send with) command(-er, -ment), send a messenger, put, (set) in order.