And the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he delivered them into the hand of Hazael king of Syria, and into the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael, all [their] days.
But if ye will not hearken unto me to hallow the sabbath day, and not to bear a burden, even entering in at the gates of Jerusalem on the sabbath day; then will I kindle a fire in the gates thereof, and it shall devour the palaces of Jerusalem, and it shall not be quenched.
And it came to pass on the morrow, that he took a thick cloth, and dipped [it] in water, and spread [it] on his face, so that he died: and Hazael reigned in his stead.
And Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz took again out of the hand of Benhadad the son of Hazael the cities, which he had taken out of the hand of Jehoahaz his father by war. Three times did Joash beat him, and recovered the cities of Israel.
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Commentary for Amos 1:4
Amos 1:4 is part of the opening prophecies in the Book of Amos, which is set within the context of the eighth century BCE, a time of relative prosperity and peace in the region. Amos, a shepherd from Tekoa in Judah, delivers a message of divine judgment against the surrounding nations, including Israel's neighbors and, eventually, Israel itself.
The verse specifically addresses the kingdom of Aram-Damascus, which was ruled by the dynasty of Ben-Hadad. Hazael was a usurper who seized the throne of Aram after serving as a high official under Ben-Hadad II. The "fire" mentioned in the verse is a metaphor for God's judgment, signifying destruction and punishment. This judgment is pronounced upon the dynasty of Hazael and the palaces of Ben-Hadad, indicating that God is not only concerned with the actions of Israel but also with the injustices and transgressions of other nations.
The themes present in Amos 1:4 include God's sovereignty over all nations, the concept of divine retribution, and the notion that God holds leaders accountable for their actions, particularly when those actions involve oppression and violence. The historical context reflects the political tensions and military conflicts that were common among the small kingdoms of the region during this period. By threatening to send fire upon the house of Hazael and the palaces of Ben-Hadad, Amos conveys the message that no one, regardless of their power or status, is beyond the reach of divine justice.
*This commentary is produced by Microsoft/WizardLM-2-8x22B AI model
Strong's Numbers and Definitions:
Note: H = Hebrew (OT), G = Greek (NT)
Strong's Number: H7971 There are 790 instances of this translation in the Bible Lemma: שָׁלַח Transliteration: shâlach Pronunciation: shaw-lakh' Description: a primitive root; to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications); [idiom] any wise, appoint, bring (on the way), cast (away, out), conduct, [idiom] earnestly, forsake, give (up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose), push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send (away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread, stretch forth (out).
Strong's Number: H784 There are 549 instances of this translation in the Bible Lemma: אֵשׁ Transliteration: ʼêsh Pronunciation: aysh Description: a primitive word; fire (literally or figuratively); burning, fiery, fire, flaming, hot.
Strong's Number: H1004 There are 1718 instances of this translation in the Bible Lemma: בַּיִת Transliteration: bayith Pronunciation: bah'-yith Description: probably from בָּנָה abbreviated; a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.); court, daughter, door, [phrase] dungeon, family, [phrase] forth of, [idiom] great as would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter) house(-hold), inside(-ward), palace, place, [phrase] prison, [phrase] steward, [phrase] tablet, temple, web, [phrase] within(-out).
Strong's Number: H2371 There are 21 instances of this translation in the Bible Lemma: חֲזָאֵל Transliteration: Chăzâʼêl Pronunciation: khaz-aw-ale' Description: or חֲזָהאֵל; from חָזָה and אֵל; God has seen; Chazael, a king of Syria; Hazael.
Strong's Number: H398 There are 825 instances of this translation in the Bible Lemma: אָכַל Transliteration: ʼâkal Pronunciation: aw-kal' Description: a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively); [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite.
Strong's Number: H759 There are 223 instances of this translation in the Bible Lemma: אַרְמוֹן Transliteration: ʼarmôwn Pronunciation: ar-mone' Description: from an unused root (meaning to be elevated); a citadel (from its height); castle, palace. Compare הַרְמוֹן.
Strong's Number: H1130 There are 24 instances of this translation in the Bible Lemma: בֶּן־הֲדַד Transliteration: Ben-Hădad Pronunciation: ben-had-ad' Description: from בֵּן and הֲדַד; son of Hadad; Ben-Hadad, the name of several Syrian kings; Benhadad.