King James Version:
(The Lord speaking is red text)
And Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the LORD'S priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.
Complete Jewish Bible:
Achiyah the son of Achituv, I-Khavod's brother, the son of Pinchas the son of 'Eli, the cohen of ADONAI in Shiloh, was carrying a ritual vest. No one knew that Y'honatan had gone.
Berean Standard Bible:
including Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod. He was the son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of the LORD in Shiloh. But the troops did not know that Jonathan had left.
American Standard Version:
and Ahijah, the son of Ahitub, Ichabod’s brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the priest of Jehovah in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.
KJV with Strong’s Numbers:
And Ahiah{H281}, the son{H1121} of Ahitub{H285}, Ichabod's{H350} brother{H251}, the son{H1121} of Phinehas{H6372}, the son{H1121} of Eli{H5941}, the LORD'S{H3068} priest{H3548} in Shiloh{H7887}, wearing{H5375} an ephod{H646}. And the people{H5971} knew{H3045} not that Jonathan{H3129} was gone{H1980}.
Cross-References (KJV):
1 Samuel 22:20
- ¶ And one of the sons of Ahimelech the son of Ahitub, named Abiathar, escaped, and fled after David.
1 Samuel 2:28
- And did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel [to be] my priest, to offer upon mine altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me? and did I give unto the house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the children of Israel?
1 Samuel 4:21
- And she named the child Ichabod, saying, The glory is departed from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father in law and her husband.
1 Samuel 22:9
- Then answered Doeg the Edomite, which was set over the servants of Saul, and said, I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob, to Ahimelech the son of Ahitub.
1 Samuel 22:12
- And Saul said, Hear now, thou son of Ahitub. And he answered, Here I [am], my lord.
Exodus 28:26
- And thou shalt make two rings of gold, and thou shalt put them upon the two ends of the breastplate in the border thereof, which [is] in the side of the ephod inward.
Exodus 28:32
- And there shall be an hole in the top of it, in the midst thereof: it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of it, as it were the hole of an habergeon, that it be not rent.
Explore This Verse Across Other Resources:
Commentary for 1 Samuel 14:3
1 Samuel 14:3 is set within the broader narrative of the early monarchy in Israel, specifically during the reign of Saul, the first king of Israel. The verse introduces Ahiah, a priest of the Lord at Shiloh, where the Ark of the Covenant was kept at the time. Ahiah is significant as he is a descendant of Eli, the high priest who had judged Israel before the monarchy was established. The mention of Ichabod's brother is a reference to a tragic event earlier in 1 Samuel where the Philistines captured the Ark and killed Eli's sons, including Ichabod's father, Phinehas. Ichabod's name, meaning "no glory," was given to him by his mother at his birth, reflecting the disgrace that had befallen the priestly line of Eli.
In the verse, Ahiah is wearing an ephod, which was a garment used by priests, and it sometimes had a pocket in which the Urim and Thummim—sacred lots used to determine God's will—were kept. The fact that Ahiah is wearing the ephod suggests he is prepared to fulfill his priestly duties, which could include offering sacrifices, giving blessings, or inquiring of God on behalf of the people.
The latter part of the verse, "And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone," refers to an event immediately preceding it, where Jonathan, King Saul's son, had secretly gone to attack a Philistine garrison with his armor-bearer. This action was taken without the knowledge of the people or even his father, the king, illustrating Jonathan's courage and faith in God's strength over military might.
The themes present in this verse include the role of the priesthood in Israel, the connection between the current events and the historical lineage of the priests, and the element of surprise or secrecy in military engagements. It also touches on the broader theme of God's guidance in the affairs of Israel, as the priest Ahiah would have been the one to consult God in the absence of a king who could hear directly from the Lord, which was the case with Saul. The verse reflects the complex interplay between religious authority, royal power, and divine providence that characterizes the period of the Judges and the early monarchy in Israel.
*This commentary is produced by Microsoft/WizardLM-2-8x22B AI model
Strong's Numbers and Definitions:
Note: H = Hebrew (OT), G = Greek (NT)
- Strong's Number: H281
There are 68 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: אֲחִיָּה
Transliteration: ʼĂchîyâh
Pronunciation: akh-ee-yaw
Description: or (prolonged) אֲחִיָּהוּ ; from אָח and יָהּ; brother (i.e. worshipper) of Jah; Achijah, the name of nine Israelites; Ahiah, Ahijah. - Strong's Number: H1121
There are 3654 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: בֵּן
Transliteration: bên
Pronunciation: bane
Description: from בָּנָה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. - Strong's Number: H285
There are 132 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: אֲחִיטוּב
Transliteration: ʼĂchîyṭûwb
Pronunciation: akh-ee-toob'
Description: from אָח and טוּב; brother of goodness; Achitub, the name of several priests; Ahitub. - Strong's Number: H350
There are 51 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: אִי־כָבוֹד
Transliteration: ʼÎy-kâbôwd
Pronunciation: ee-kaw-bode'
Description: from אִיlemma אי missing vowel, corrected to אִי and כָּבוֹד; (there is) no glory, i.e. inglorious; Ikabod, a son of Phineas; I-chabod. - Strong's Number: H251
There are 636 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: אָח
Transliteration: ʼâch
Pronunciation: awkh
Description: a primitive word; a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance (like father)); another, brother(-ly); kindred, like, other. Compare also the proper names beginning with 'Ah-' or 'Ahi-'. - Strong's Number: H6372
There are 24 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: פִּינְחָס
Transliteration: Pîynᵉchâç
Pronunciation: pee-nekh-aws'
Description: apparently from פֶּה and a variation of נָחָשׁ; mouth of a serpent; Pinechas, the name of three Israelites; Phinehas. - Strong's Number: H5941
There are 30 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: עֵלִי
Transliteration: ʻÊlîy
Pronunciation: ay-lee'
Description: from עָלָה; lofty; Eli, an Israelite highpriest; Eli. - Strong's Number: H3068
There are 5521 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: יְהֹוָה
Transliteration: Yᵉhôvâh
Pronunciation: yeh-ho-vaw'
Description: from הָיָה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יָהּ, יְהֹוִה. - Strong's Number: H3548
There are 653 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: כֹּהֵן
Transliteration: kôhên
Pronunciation: ko-hane'
Description: active participle of כָּהַן; literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman); chief ruler, [idiom] own, priest, prince, principal officer. - Strong's Number: H7887
There are 30 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: שִׁילֹה
Transliteration: Shîylôh
Pronunciation: shee-lo'
Description: or שִׁלֹה; or שִׁילוֹ; or שִׁלוֹ; from the same as שִׁילֹה; Shiloh, a place in Palestine; Shiloh. - Strong's Number: H5375
There are 611 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: נָשָׂא
Transliteration: nâsâʼ
Pronunciation: naw-saw'
Description: or נָסָה; (Psalm 4:6 (אֲבַד)), a primitive root; to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative; accept, advance, arise, (able to, (armor), suffer to) bear(-er, up), bring (forth), burn, carry (away), cast, contain, desire, ease, exact, exalt (self), extol, fetch, forgive, furnish, further, give, go on, help, high, hold up, honorable ([phrase] man), lade, lay, lift (self) up, lofty, marry, magnify, [idiom] needs, obtain, pardon, raise (up), receive, regard, respect, set (up), spare, stir up, [phrase] swear, take (away, up), [idiom] utterly, wear, yield. - Strong's Number: H646
There are 158 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: אֵפוֹד
Transliteration: ʼêphôwd
Pronunciation: ay-fode'
Description: rarely אֵפֹד; probably of foreign derivation; a girdle; specifically the ephod or highpriest's shoulder-piece; also generally, an image; ephod. - Strong's Number: H5971
There are 1654 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: עַם
Transliteration: ʻam
Pronunciation: am
Description: from עָמַם; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock; folk, men, nation, people. - Strong's Number: H3045
There are 873 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: יָדַע
Transliteration: yâdaʻ
Pronunciation: yaw-dah'
Description: a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.); acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware, (un-) awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, [idiom] could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to) discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel, can have, be (ig-) norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have (knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, [phrase] be learned, [phrase] lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, [idiom] prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell, understand, have (understanding), [idiom] will be, wist, wit, wot. - Strong's Number: H3129
There are 35 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: יוֹנָתָן
Transliteration: Yôwnâthân
Pronunciation: yo-naw-thawn'
Description: a form of יְהוֹנָתָן; Jonathan, the name of ten Israelites; Jonathan. - Strong's Number: H1980
There are 468 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: הָלַךְ
Transliteration: hâlak
Pronunciation: haw-lak'
Description: akin to יָלַךְ; a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively); (all) along, apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant, depart, [phrase] be eased, enter, exercise (self), [phrase] follow, forth, forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on, out, up and down), [phrase] greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead, march, [idiom] more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away), be at the point, quite, run (along), [phrase] send, speedily, spread, still, surely, [phrase] tale-bearer, [phrase] travel(-ler), walk (abroad, on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax, (way-) faring man, [idiom] be weak, whirl.