Romans 13:5

Wherefore [ye] must needs be subject, not only for wrath, but also for conscience sake.

Wherefore {G1352} ye must needs {G318} be subject {G5293}, not {G3756} only {G3440} for {G1223} wrath {G3709}, but {G235} also {G2532} for conscience {G4893} sake {G1223}.

Another reason to obey, besides fear of punishment, is for the sake of conscience.

Therefore it is necessary to submit to authority, not only to avoid punishment, but also as a matter of conscience.

Wherefore ye must needs be in subjection, not only because of the wrath, but also for conscience’ sake.

Commentary

Romans 13:5 (KJV) provides a foundational understanding of the Christian's relationship with governing authorities, emphasizing that submission is not merely pragmatic but deeply spiritual.

Context

This verse is a continuation of Paul's instruction in Romans 13:1-7, where he lays out the believer's duty towards the state. Following the profound theological discussions in the earlier chapters of Romans and the call to live a transformed life in Romans 12, Paul moves to practical applications of faith in the civic realm. He establishes that all governing authority is instituted by God Himself, making obedience to such authority a form of obedience to God.

Key Themes

  • The Imperative of Submission: The phrase "must needs be subject" highlights the non-negotiable nature of this command for Christians. It is presented as an essential aspect of living out one's faith in society.
  • Motivation Beyond Fear of Punishment: Paul clarifies that submission is not solely "for wrath," meaning simply to avoid the government's punitive actions, such as fines, imprisonment, or other forms of retribution. While fear of consequences can be a motivator, it is not the highest or only reason for a believer.
  • Obedience from Conscience: The profound reason for submission is "for conscience sake." This implies that Christians obey earthly laws and authorities because their inner moral compass, enlightened by God's truth, compels them to do so. It is an act of spiritual conviction and a desire to honor God by respecting the order He has established, even when human systems are imperfect. This motivation transcends mere external compliance, stemming from an internal commitment to righteousness.

Linguistic Insights

The Greek word for "subject" is hupotasso, which implies a voluntary arrangement under authority, suggesting a willing submission rather than a forced subjugation. This aligns perfectly with the idea of acting "for conscience sake." "Wrath" here (orge) refers to the legitimate punitive power of the state. The term "conscience" (syneidesis) refers to the inner moral awareness that guides one's actions, which for a believer, is increasingly shaped by the Holy Spirit and God's Word.

Related Scriptures

This principle of submission to governing authorities is consistently taught throughout the New Testament, notably in 1 Peter 2:13-17 and Titus 3:1, which both encourage believers to be subject to rulers and authorities. While there is a biblical precedent for obeying God rather than men when human laws directly contradict divine commands (Acts 5:29), the general posture of a Christian towards the state is one of respectful and conscientious submission.

For Christians today, Romans 13:5 serves as a vital reminder that our civic duties are not merely legal obligations but spiritual acts. Paying taxes, obeying traffic laws, and respecting elected officials are expressions of our faith and a demonstration of a good conscience before God and society. This principled approach to citizenship not only honors God but also provides a compelling testimony to the power and truth of the Gospel in the world.

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Cross-References

  • Acts 24:16 (4 votes)

    And herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offence toward God, and [toward] men.

  • Ecclesiastes 8:2 (4 votes)

    I [counsel thee] to keep the king's commandment, and [that] in regard of the oath of God.

  • 1 Peter 2:19 (4 votes)

    For this [is] thankworthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure grief, suffering wrongfully.

  • Titus 3:1 (3 votes)

    ¶ Put them in mind to be subject to principalities and powers, to obey magistrates, to be ready to every good work,

  • Titus 3:2 (3 votes)

    To speak evil of no man, to be no brawlers, [but] gentle, shewing all meekness unto all men.

  • 1 Peter 2:13 (3 votes)

    ¶ Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake: whether it be to the king, as supreme;

  • 1 Peter 2:15 (3 votes)

    For so is the will of God, that with well doing ye may put to silence the ignorance of foolish men: