Judges 11:17

Judges 11:17 records a crucial historical detail presented by Jephthah, the judge of Israel, in his diplomatic exchange with the Ammonites. This verse highlights Israel's adherence to a peaceful approach during their wilderness journey, seeking permission to pass through the lands of Edom and Moab, and the subsequent refusal by these nations.

Context

This verse is part of a larger historical argument (Judges 11:12-28) that Jephthah presents to the king of the Ammonites. The Ammonites were claiming land that Israel occupied, asserting that Israel had taken it from them when they came out of Egypt. Jephthah's response meticulously recounts Israel's history, demonstrating that they did not seize the land from Ammon or Moab, but rather from the Amorites, whose king Sihon had refused them passage.

The events described here hark back to the time of the Exodus and Israel's forty years in the wilderness. After departing from Egypt, Israel approached the borders of Edom and Moab, nations with whom they shared ancestral ties (Edomites descended from Esau, Moabites from Lot). As recounted in Numbers 20:14-21, Israel sent messengers to the king of Edom requesting passage, promising not to deviate from the King's Highway. Edom, however, refused, even threatening with an armed force. Similarly, as stated in this verse, a request was sent to Moab, who also denied passage. This forced Israel to journey around their territories, as commanded by God, rather than provoking conflict (Deuteronomy 2:4-9).

Kadesh, mentioned as where "Israel abode," was a significant oasis and encampment site for the Israelites during their wilderness wanderings, serving as a base for a considerable period before their final approach to the Promised Land.

Key Themes

• Historical Precedent and Justification: Jephthah uses this historical account to establish Israel's peaceful intentions and their legitimate claim to the land they possessed. It underscores that Israel did not aggress against Edom or Moab, but respected their territorial sovereignty.
• Divine Guidance and Patience: Despite the refusal and inconvenience, God guided Israel around these nations, demonstrating His provision and their obedience to His command to avoid conflict with their brethren (Deuteronomy 2:9). This highlights the importance of trusting God's chosen path, even when it is not the most direct.
• Sovereignty of Nations: The verse acknowledges the right of Edom and Moab to control their borders and refuse passage, even if it meant hardship for Israel.

Linguistic Insights

The KJV phrases "would not hearken [thereto]" concerning Edom and "would not [consent]" regarding Moab convey the same meaning: a firm refusal. The Hebrew verbs imply a definitive denial of the request, highlighting the lack of cooperation Israel faced from these neighboring peoples.

Practical Application

Judges 11:17 reminds us of several enduring principles:

1. The Value of Historical Understanding: Just as Jephthah used history to explain Israel's present situation, understanding our past—both personal and communal—can provide valuable context and justification for our current actions and beliefs.
2. Navigating Obstacles Peacefully: Israel sought a peaceful resolution first. When faced with refusal, they did not resort to violence against Edom or Moab but sought an alternative route. This teaches us the importance of pursuing peace and seeking God's alternative pathways when initial plans are blocked.
3. God's Unfolding Plan: Even when human diplomacy fails or obstacles arise, God's ultimate plan for His people prevails. Israel's journey through the wilderness, though arduous, was guided by God to their promised inheritance, demonstrating that God's purposes are fulfilled despite challenges (Deuteronomy 8:2).