Jeremiah 32:18

Thou shewest lovingkindness unto thousands, and recompensest the iniquity of the fathers into the bosom of their children after them: the Great, the Mighty God, the LORD of hosts, [is] his name,

Thou shewest {H6213} lovingkindness {H2617} unto thousands {H505}, and recompensest {H7999} the iniquity {H5771} of the fathers {H1} into the bosom {H2436} of their children {H1121} after {H310} them: the Great {H1419}, the Mighty {H1368} God {H410}, the LORD {H3068} of hosts {H6635}, is his name {H8034},

You display your grace to thousands but also repay the guilt of the fathers into the lap of their children who follow them. Great, powerful God, whose name is ADONAI-Tzva'ot,

You show loving devotion to thousands but lay the iniquity of the fathers into the laps of their children after them, O great and mighty God whose name is the LORD of Hosts,

who showest lovingkindness unto thousands, and recompensest the iniquity of the fathers into the bosom of their children after them; the great, the mighty God, Jehovah of hosts is his name;

Commentary

Jeremiah 32:18 is part of a profound prayer offered by the prophet Jeremiah while he was imprisoned during the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem. In this prayer, Jeremiah acknowledges God's magnificent attributes and His consistent character, even as he grapples with the immediate reality of judgment versus the promise of future restoration.

Context

At this point in the book of Jeremiah, Jerusalem is under siege by the Babylonians, and the city's fall is imminent. Despite the impending doom, God commands Jeremiah to purchase a field in Anathoth as a symbolic act, signifying that land will once again be bought and sold in Judah, pointing to a future restoration (Jeremiah 32:6-15). Jeremiah's prayer in verses 17-25 serves as his response, a mixture of awe at God's power and a plea for understanding concerning God's seemingly contradictory actions of bringing judgment while promising restoration. Verse 18 specifically highlights God's historical dealings with His people, emphasizing both His mercy and His justice.

Key Themes

  • God's Unparalleled Attributes: The verse opens and closes by extolling God's nature. He is described as "the Great, the Mighty God, the LORD of hosts." This emphasizes His immense power, sovereignty, and control over all creation and armies, both earthly and heavenly. The title "LORD of hosts" (Hebrew: Yahweh Sabaoth) underscores His supreme authority.
  • Divine Lovingkindness (Chesed): God "shewest lovingkindness unto thousands." The Hebrew word for lovingkindness, chesed (Χ—ΦΆΧ‘ΦΆΧ“), signifies steadfast love, covenant loyalty, and unfailing mercy. This highlights God's enduring faithfulness to His promises and His willingness to extend grace abundantly, even to a multitude of generations. This echoes God's self-description in Exodus 34:6-7.
  • Divine Justice and Generational Consequences: Simultaneously, God "recompensest the iniquity of the fathers into the bosom of their children after them." This concept, also found in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:5), does not mean God punishes innocent children for their parents' sins. Rather, it speaks to the profound and often devastating socio-spiritual consequences of sin that can ripple through generations. For example, a father's idolatry might establish a pattern of spiritual blindness or rebellion that influences subsequent generations, leading them to commit similar sins and thus incur God's just judgment. It is about the inherited patterns and effects of corporate sin, not individual accountability for another's actions.
  • Paradoxical Nature of God: Jeremiah acknowledges God's character as simultaneously merciful and just. He is a God of immense love who extends grace to countless generations, yet He also holds people accountable for their iniquity, allowing the natural and spiritual consequences of sin to unfold.

Linguistic Insights

  • "Lovingkindness" (Chesed): As mentioned, this is a cornerstone theological term in the Old Testament, representing God's loyal, compassionate, and steadfast love, especially within the framework of His covenant relationship with Israel. It's a love that endures and acts on behalf of those with whom He has made a covenant.
  • "LORD of hosts" (Yahweh Sabaoth): This powerful divine title conveys God's absolute sovereignty and omnipotence. It portrays Him as the commander of heavenly armies and all forces in the universe, emphasizing His ability to execute His will, whether in judgment or salvation.

Practical Application

Jeremiah 32:18 reminds us of the multifaceted nature of God. We are called to:

  • Reverence God's Character: Acknowledge His greatness, might, and supreme authority. He is worthy of our awe and worship.
  • Trust His Justice and Mercy: Understand that God is perfectly just and perfectly merciful. While His ways may sometimes seem complex, especially when judgment and grace coexist, we can trust in His ultimate righteousness and His unwavering love.
  • Consider Generational Impact: Recognize that our actions, both good and bad, can have long-lasting effects on future generations. This encourages us to live righteously, seeking to establish a legacy of faith and obedience, and to address patterns of sin that may be inherited or perpetuated.
  • Find Hope in His Chesed: Despite the reality of consequences for sin, God's lovingkindness "unto thousands" provides immense hope. His covenant faithfulness means He is always willing to extend mercy and restore those who turn to Him, even across generations of disobedience.
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Cross-References

  • Jeremiah 10:16 (7 votes)

    The portion of Jacob [is] not like them: for he [is] the former of all [things]; and Israel [is] the rod of his inheritance: The LORD of hosts [is] his name.

  • Exodus 34:7 (6 votes)

    Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, and that will by no means clear [the guilty]; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children's children, unto the third and to the fourth [generation].

  • Deuteronomy 5:9 (6 votes)

    Thou shalt not bow down thyself unto them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God [am] a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth [generation] of them that hate me,

  • Deuteronomy 5:10 (6 votes)

    And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.

  • Deuteronomy 7:9 (5 votes)

    Know therefore that the LORD thy God, he [is] God, the faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations;

  • Deuteronomy 7:10 (5 votes)

    And repayeth them that hate him to their face, to destroy them: he will not be slack to him that hateth him, he will repay him to his face.

  • Exodus 20:5 (5 votes)

    Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God [am] a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth [generation] of them that hate me;