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Isaiah 5:7

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For the vineyard of the LORD of hosts [is] the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for judgment, but behold oppression; for righteousness, but behold a cry.

For the vineyard {H3754} of the LORD {H3068} of hosts {H6635} is the house {H1004} of Israel {H3478}, and the men {H376} of Judah {H3063} his pleasant {H8191} plant {H5194}: and he looked {H6960} for judgment {H4941}, but behold oppression {H4939}; for righteousness {H6666}, but behold a cry {H6818}.

Now the vineyard of ADONAI-Tzva'ot is the house of Isra'el, and the men of Y'hudah are the plant he delighted in. So he expected justice, but look - bloodshed! - and righteousness, but listen - cries of distress!

For the vineyard of the LORD of Hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah are the plant of His delight. He looked for justice, but saw bloodshed; for righteousness, but heard a cry of distress.

For the vineyard of Jehovah of hosts is the house of Israel, and the men of Judah his pleasant plant: and he looked for justice, but, behold, oppression; for righteousness, but, behold, a cry.

Commentary

Context of the Verse

Isaiah 5:7 serves as the explicit interpretation of the preceding "Song of the Vineyard" found in Isaiah 5:1-6. In that poetic lament, the prophet Isaiah describes a loving vineyard owner (the LORD) who meticulously cultivates his vineyard, expecting good grapes, but instead, it yields wild, sour grapes. This verse directly reveals the identities: the "vineyard of the LORD of hosts" is unequivocally "the house of Israel," and "the men of Judah" are His "pleasant plant." Written during the 8th century BC, this prophecy addresses both the Northern Kingdom of Israel and the Southern Kingdom of Judah, highlighting their spiritual and moral corruption before their respective exiles.

Key Themes and Messages

  • Divine Ownership and Care: The verse emphasizes that Israel and Judah were God's chosen people, cultivated with immense care and intention, much like a prized vineyard. This highlights a deep, covenantal relationship between God and His people.
  • Failed Expectations: Despite God's diligent care and provision, the nation failed to produce the expected "fruit" of righteousness. Instead of living out their covenant responsibilities, they indulged in injustice and oppression.
  • God's Disappointment and Impending Judgment: The stark contrast between what God "looked for" (judgment/justice, righteousness) and what He "beheld" (oppression, a cry of distress) underscores His profound disappointment. This failure to live justly would inevitably lead to divine judgment, foreshadowed by the vineyard's destruction in the preceding verses.
  • Social Injustice: The core of Israel's failure was not merely ritualistic but deeply ethical and social. They perverted justice, allowing the powerful to oppress the weak, leading to widespread suffering and a cry for relief.

Linguistic Insights

A profound aspect of Isaiah 5:7 lies in its powerful Hebrew wordplay, which underscores Israel's moral perversion:

  • The LORD "looked for judgment" (Hebrew: mishpat), but "behold oppression" (Hebrew: mishpach). The word mishpach (meaning bloodshed or injustice) sounds strikingly similar to mishpat (justice), highlighting how justice had been utterly corrupted into its opposite.
  • He "looked for righteousness" (Hebrew: tsedeqah), but "behold a cry" (Hebrew: tse'aqah). The word tse'aqah refers to a wail or cry of anguish from the oppressed, directly contrasting with tsedeqah (righteousness). The absence of righteousness led directly to the cries of the suffering.

This poetic device vividly portrays the tragic irony and severity of Israel's moral decay.

Cross-References and Connections

The imagery of the vineyard is a powerful biblical metaphor for God's people, seen also in the Parable of the Wicked Vinedressers taught by Jesus, where the vineyard represents Israel and the vinedressers are its leaders who reject God's messengers. This verse serves as a stark reminder of God's enduring expectation for His people to embody justice and righteousness, echoing the prophet Micah's call: "He hath shewed thee, O man, what is good; and what doth the LORD require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?"

Practical Application

Isaiah 5:7 serves as a timeless warning and a call to introspection for all who claim to be God's people, whether individual believers or the collective church. It reminds us that:

  • God Has Expectations: Just as God invested in Israel, He invests in believers today, expecting fruit that reflects His character—especially justice, righteousness, and compassion for the vulnerable.
  • Beware of Hypocrisy: It is not enough to profess faith; our actions must align with our beliefs. God sees through outward religiosity to the true condition of our hearts and the impact of our lives on others.
  • The Call to Social Justice: This verse underscores the biblical imperative for believers to actively pursue justice and righteousness in their communities, standing against oppression and being a voice for the voiceless. The "cry" of the afflicted should move us to action, not indifference.

Therefore, Isaiah 5:7 challenges us to examine if our lives and communities are producing the "good fruit" of God's kingdom or merely the "wild grapes" of self-interest and injustice.

Note: If the commentary doesn’t appear instantly, please allow 2–5 seconds for it to load. It is generated by Gemini 2.5 Flash (May 20, 2025) using a prompt focused on Biblical fidelity over bias. While the insights have been consistently reliable, we encourage prayerful discernment through the Holy Spirit.

Please note that only the commentary section is AI-generated — the main Scripture and cross-references are stored on the site and are from trusted and verified sources.

Cross-References

  • Psalms 80:8 (7 votes)

    ¶ Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt: thou hast cast out the heathen, and planted it.

  • Psalms 80:11 (7 votes)

    She sent out her boughs unto the sea, and her branches unto the river.

  • James 5:4 (4 votes)

    Behold, the hire of the labourers who have reaped down your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth: and the cries of them which have reaped are entered into the ears of the Lord of sabaoth.

  • Matthew 3:8 (4 votes)

    Bring forth therefore fruits meet for repentance:

  • Matthew 3:10 (4 votes)

    And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: therefore every tree which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire.

  • Micah 6:8 (3 votes)

    He hath shewed thee, O man, what [is] good; and what doth the LORD require of thee, but to do justly, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God?

  • Zephaniah 3:17 (3 votes)

    The LORD thy God in the midst of thee [is] mighty; he will save, he will rejoice over thee with joy; he will rest in his love, he will joy over thee with singing.