King James Version:
(The Lord speaking is red text)
Then ye shall sacrifice one kid of the goats for a sin offering, and two lambs of the first year for a sacrifice of peace offerings.
Complete Jewish Bible:
Offer one male goat as a sin offering and two male lambs one year old as a sacrifice of peace offerings
Berean Standard Bible:
You shall also prepare one male goat as a sin offering and two male lambs a year old as a peace offering.
American Standard Version:
And ye shall offer one he-goat for a sin-offering, and two he-lambs a year old for a sacrifice of peace-offerings.
KJV with Strong’s Numbers:
Then ye shall sacrifice{H6213} one{H259} kid{H8163} of the goats{H5795} for a sin offering{H2403}, and two{H8147} lambs{H3532} of the first{H1121} year{H8141} for a sacrifice{H2077} of peace offerings{H8002}.
Cross-References (KJV):
Numbers 28:30
- [And] one kid of the goats, to make an atonement for you.
Leviticus 4:23
- Or if his sin, wherein he hath sinned, come to his knowledge; he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a male without blemish:
Leviticus 4:28
- Or if his sin, which he hath sinned, come to his knowledge: then he shall bring his offering, a kid of the goats, a female without blemish, for his sin which he hath sinned.
2 Corinthians 5:21
- For he hath made him [to be] sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.
Leviticus 16:15
- ¶ Then shall he kill the goat of the sin offering, that [is] for the people, and bring his blood within the vail, and do with that blood as he did with the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it upon the mercy seat, and before the mercy seat:
Numbers 15:24
- Then it shall be, if [ought] be committed by ignorance without the knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one young bullock for a burnt offering, for a sweet savour unto the LORD, with his meat offering, and his drink offering, according to the manner, and one kid of the goats for a sin offering.
Romans 8:3
- For what the law could not do, in that it was weak through the flesh, God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, and for sin, condemned sin in the flesh:
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Commentary for Leviticus 23:19
Leviticus 23:19 is part of a section in the book of Leviticus that outlines the festivals and holy convocations for the Israelites. The verse specifically refers to the offerings required on the Day of Firstfruits, which occurs during the Feast of Weeks (Shavuot). This festival is one of the three pilgrimage festivals in the Jewish calendar when Israelites were to present themselves before the Lord.
**Themes:**
1. **Atonement and Purification:** The sin offering of a goat kid underscores the theme of atonement, signifying the need for cleansing from sin and the reconciliation of the people with God.
2. **Thanksgiving and Fellowship:** The peace offerings, involving two lambs, represent thanksgiving to God and communal fellowship. These offerings were shared among the priests, the offerer, and God, symbolizing peace and harmony between them.
3. **Agricultural cycle and divine provision:** The Day of Firstfruits is closely tied to the agricultural cycle, particularly the harvest. It is a time to acknowledge God's provision and to offer the first and best of the harvest in gratitude.
**Historical Context:**
The book of Leviticus is traditionally attributed to Moses and is part of the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. It was likely written down during the time of the Israelites' wandering in the wilderness, after their exodus from Egypt and before their entry into the Promised Land (c. 1440-1400 BCE). Leviticus provides detailed instructions on worship, sacrifices, and ritual purity, which were essential for the formation of the Israelite religious identity and practice.
The laws and rituals outlined in Leviticus, including those in chapter 23, served to distinguish the Israelites from their pagan neighbors and to reinforce their covenant relationship with God. The offerings and festivals were not only religious duties but also served to bind the community together and to remind them of their dependence on God's grace and provision.
*This commentary is produced by Microsoft/WizardLM-2-8x22B AI model
Strong's Numbers and Definitions:
Note: H = Hebrew (OT), G = Greek (NT)
- Strong's Number: H6213
There are 2286 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: עָשָׂה
Transliteration: ʻâsâh
Pronunciation: aw-saw'
Description: a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application; accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use. - Strong's Number: H259
There are 801 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: אֶחָד
Transliteration: ʼechâd
Pronunciation: ekh-awd'
Description: a numeral from אָחַד; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first; a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-) ly, each (one), [phrase] eleven, every, few, first, [phrase] highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together, - Strong's Number: H8163
There are 57 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: שָׂעִיר
Transliteration: sâʻîyr
Pronunciation: saw-eer'
Description: or שָׂעִר; from שָׂעַר; shaggy; as noun, a he-goat; by analogy, a faun; devil, goat, hairy, kid, rough, satyr. - Strong's Number: H5795
There are 74 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: עֵז
Transliteration: ʻêz
Pronunciation: aze
Description: from עָזַז; a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair); (she) goat, kid. - Strong's Number: H2403
There are 272 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: חַטָּאָה
Transliteration: chaṭṭâʼâh
Pronunciation: khat-taw-aw'
Description: or חַטָּאת; from חָטָא; an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender; punishment (of sin), purifying(-fication for sin), sin(-ner, offering). - Strong's Number: H8147
There are 647 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: שְׁנַיִם
Transliteration: shᵉnayim
Pronunciation: shen-ah'-yim
Description: dual of שֵׁנִי; feminine שְׁתַּיִם; two; also (as ordinal) twofold; both, couple, double, second, twain, [phrase] twelfth, [phrase] twelve, [phrase] twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two. - Strong's Number: H3532
There are 100 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: כֶּבֶשׂ
Transliteration: kebes
Pronunciation: keh-bes'
Description: from an unused root meaning to dominate; a ram (just old enough to butt); lamb, sheep. - Strong's Number: H1121
There are 3654 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: בֵּן
Transliteration: bên
Pronunciation: bane
Description: from בָּנָה; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.); [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. - Strong's Number: H8141
There are 647 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: שָׁנֶה
Transliteration: shâneh
Pronunciation: shaw-neh'
Description: (in plural or (feminine) שָׁנָה; from שָׁנָה; a year (as a revolution of time); [phrase] whole age, [idiom] long, [phrase] old, year([idiom] -ly). - Strong's Number: H2077
There are 153 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: זֶבַח
Transliteration: zebach
Pronunciation: zeh'-bakh
Description: from זָבַח; properly, a slaughter, i.e. the flesh of an animal; by implication, a sacrifice (the victim or the act); offer(-ing), sacrifice. - Strong's Number: H8002
There are 84 instances of this translation in the Bible
Lemma: שֶׁלֶם
Transliteration: shelem
Pronunciation: sheh'-lem
Description: from שָׁלַם; properly, requital, i.e. a (voluntary) sacrifice in thanks; peace offering.