2 Chronicles 21:4

Now when Jehoram was risen up to the kingdom of his father, he strengthened himself, and slew all his brethren with the sword, and [divers] also of the princes of Israel.

Now when Jehoram {H3088} was risen up {H6965} to the kingdom {H4467} of his father {H1}, he strengthened {H2388} himself, and slew {H2026} all his brethren {H251} with the sword {H2719}, and divers also of the princes {H8269} of Israel {H3478}.

But when Y'horam had taken control of his father's kingdom and consolidated his rule, he put to the sword all his brothers and a number of the leading men in Isra'el.

When Jehoram had established himself over his father’s kingdom, he strengthened himself by putting to the sword all his brothers along with some of the princes of Israel.

Now when Jehoram was risen up over the kingdom of his father, and had strengthened himself, he slew all his brethren with the sword, and divers also of the princes of Israel.

Commentary

2 Chronicles 21:4 vividly describes the brutal actions of King Jehoram of Judah immediately upon his ascension to the throne. This verse marks a dark and violent turn in the history of the Davidic monarchy, contrasting sharply with the generally righteous reign of his father, Jehoshaphat.

Context

Jehoram inherited the throne from his father, Jehoshaphat, who, for the most part, was a king who sought the Lord and initiated reforms in Judah, though he also made some compromising alliances (2 Chronicles 17:3). However, Jehoram's reign begins with a shocking display of cruelty and political ruthlessness. His mother was Athaliah, the wicked daughter of King Ahab and Jezebel of Israel, whose influence likely contributed to Jehoram's depravity. The act of eliminating potential rivals, particularly his own brothers and key princes, was a brutal, though not uncommon, tactic in ancient Near Eastern monarchies designed to secure absolute control and prevent any challenges to his rule.

Key Themes

  • Ruthless Power Consolidation: Jehoram's immediate action upon becoming king was to "strengthen himself" by eliminating all his brothers and "divers" (various) princes. This highlights a king driven by fear and ambition, willing to commit extreme violence to secure his position and prevent any opposition.
  • Moral Degeneration: This act of fratricide and political assassination reveals Jehoram's profound moral corruption and utter disregard for human life and familial bonds. It sets the ominous tone for a reign characterized by wickedness and apostasy, standing in stark contrast to the godly principles often upheld by his father.
  • Breach of Trust and Covenant: As a king in the Davidic line, Jehoram was meant to uphold justice and righteousness, serving as a shepherd to his people. His actions are a direct affront to the spirit of the Davidic covenant, which promised a stable and blessed kingdom under God's guidance.

Linguistic Insights

The phrase "strengthened himself" (KJV) comes from the Hebrew root ḥāzaq (חָזַק), meaning to be strong, firm, or courageous. While this root can be used positively (e.g., strengthening oneself in the Lord), here it describes Jehoram's deliberate and forceful actions to consolidate his power through violent means. The word "divers" simply means "various" or "sundry," indicating that he also eliminated a number of other influential leaders in Judah.

Practical Application

This verse serves as a potent reminder of the corrupting influence of unchecked power and ambition. It illustrates several enduring truths:

  • Power Without Piety is Perilous: When leadership is not submitted to God's moral standards and guided by divine principles, it can lead to extreme cruelty, injustice, and self-destruction.
  • A Godly Heritage is Not a Guarantee: Even a righteous upbringing or lineage does not ensure personal righteousness. Jehoram's choices were his own, demonstrating that individual accountability before God is paramount, despite his father's pious example.
  • Sin Has Consequences: Jehoram's violent and wicked beginning foreshadows the severe judgments that would later befall him and his kingdom, as prophetically warned and documented in subsequent verses like 2 Chronicles 21:12-15. This narrative underscores the principle that unrighteous actions invite divine retribution.

Understanding this dark episode helps us appreciate the critical importance of righteous leadership and the dangers of human depravity when left unchecked by spiritual and moral principles.

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Cross-References

  • Judges 9:5 (4 votes)

    And he went unto his father's house at Ophrah, and slew his brethren the sons of Jerubbaal, [being] threescore and ten persons, upon one stone: notwithstanding yet Jotham the youngest son of Jerubbaal was left; for he hid himself.

  • 2 Chronicles 21:17 (3 votes)

    And they came up into Judah, and brake into it, and carried away all the substance that was found in the king's house, and his sons also, and his wives; so that there was never a son left him, save Jehoahaz, the youngest of his sons.

  • Genesis 4:8 (3 votes)

    ¶ And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him.

  • 2 Chronicles 22:10 (3 votes)

    ¶ But when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she arose and destroyed all the seed royal of the house of Judah.

  • Judges 9:56 (2 votes)

    Thus God rendered the wickedness of Abimelech, which he did unto his father, in slaying his seventy brethren:

  • Judges 9:57 (2 votes)

    And all the evil of the men of Shechem did God render upon their heads: and upon them came the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal.

  • 1 John 3:12 (2 votes)

    Not as Cain, [who] was of that wicked one, and slew his brother. And wherefore slew he him? Because his own works were evil, and his brother's righteous.